Reykjanes peninsula, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweIceland, yave zvakare nzvimbo yekuputika kwegomo kwakatanga neChitatu manheru. Ichi chiitiko chinomiririra kuputika kwechinomwe munguva isingasviki gore, maererano neIcelandic Meteorological Office (IMO). Vakuru vabuda mudhorobha riri pedyo re Grindavik, tichitarisa kushanduka kwezvinhu zvinoputika.
Chiitiko ichi chakatangirwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika yakanyorwa nguva dza23:14 p.m., nguva yemuno. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, gomo rinoputika rinenge makiromita matatu kureba rakavhurika kuburikidza nemabota akabuda. Kunyange zvazvo chiitiko ichi chichiita sechakaderera kana chichienzaniswa nekuputika kwekare, zviremera zvakaramba zvakadzora kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuchengeteka. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo fissure inodzinga lava mune vhoriyamu diki pane yekupedzisira kuputika kukuru kwakanyorwa zhizha rapfuura.
Kubuda uye matanho ekudzivirira muGrindavik
Guta re Grindavik, ine chiverengero chavagari vapasi chakapoteredza 3.800 vanhu, yakabviswa senzira yokungwarira. Iyi nharaunda diki yakatarisana nezviitiko zvekuputika kwemakomo kubvira 2021 nekuda kwekuwedzera kwechiitiko paReykjanes Peninsula, iyo yakaramba yakarara kweanopfuura mazana masere emakore kusvika iyo ichangoburwa zvakare.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina zvivakwa zvakakanganiswa zvakananga nekuputika uku, zviremera zvakataura kuti magasi ane muchetura, anobva mukuputika kwegomo, ane ngozi huru kuvagari vepedyo. Iyo Blue Lagoon, ine mukurumbira inokwezva vashanyi, inowanikwawo munzvimbo iyi, uye zvivakwa zvayo zvakavharwa kwenguva diki kuti zvichengetedzeke, kunyangwe isina kukuvara.
Geological mamiriro: Iyo "nyika yemoto nechando"
Iceland inozivikanwa senzvimbo inopisa yezviitiko zve geological nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo pa pakati peAtlantic ridge, uko North America neEurasian tectonic plates dzinofamba dzakaparadzana. Iyi nzvimbo yakasiyana nedzimwe inokurudzira kuumbwa kwemakomo anoputika uye kuputika nguva dzose. Mukuwedzera, nyika iri pamusoro penzvimbo inopisa mumucheka wePasi, iyo inowedzera kuwedzera basa rayo rekuputika kwemakomo.
Paavhareji, Iceland inosangana nekuputika makore mashanu ega ega, kunyangwe zviitiko zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakapfuura nhamba dzenguva dzose, zvichiunganidza zvikamu zvinomwe kubva muna Zvita 2023. eyjafjallajökull, zvakave nezvakaitika kare, sekuvhiringidzwa kukuru kwekufamba kwendege zvichitevera kuputika kwadzo muna 2010.
Zvinokonzera munharaunda uye pasi rose
Kuputika kwemakomo muIceland hakungokanganisa nharaunda dziri pedyo chete, asi kunogonawo kuve nemhedzisiro yenyika. Kupararira kwedota regomo rinoputika, rinoratidza kuputika kwechando, kunogona kukanganisa kufamba kwemhepo uye kuchinja mamiriro ekunze muEurope nekumwe. Kunyangwe kuputika kwazvino kusingakonzere njodzi yekubhururuka kwendege, zviremera zvinoramba zvichinyatsoongorora mukana uyu.
Pamusoro pe, jökulhlaups, kana kuti mafashamo echando anokonzerwa nekupisa kwegomo, zvakaitika mukuputika kwekare, kuparadza zvivakoti uye kukanganisa zvakanyanya nzira dzekufambisa dzakadai seHringvegur Highway, iyo inobatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika.
Nzvimbo yakaumbwa nemoto
Kuitika kwekuputika kwemakomo hakungopi matambudziko chete, asi kwakaumbawo nzvimbo yakasarudzika yeIceland. Kuputika kwacho kwakagadzira minda yakakura yemabota, makomo anoputika uye makomo akaumbwa nemadota uye magma akaomarara. Uyezve, chiitiko ichi chinopa pfuma inokosha senge geothermal simba, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika mukudziya uye kugadzira magetsi.
Nzvimbo yeGrindavik, kunyanya, ine nhoroondo yakapfuma yemakomo. Makaremu ekare, akadai Sundhnúkur, vakaona mazana emakore ezviitiko zvetectonic uye kuputika kwemakomo. Nhasi, nzvimbo dzakaita seBlue Lagoon, inozivikanwa nemvura yayo ine mineral-rich geothermal, inokwezva zviuru zvevashanyi gore negore.
Nekuputika kwazvino uku, Iceland inosimbisazve nzvimbo yayo serabhoritari yechisikigo yekudzidza kudyidzana pakati peplate tectonics nenzvimbo dzinopisa, pamwe nemhedzisiro yekuputika kwechando pamamiriro ekunze epasirese uye geological dynamics. Mapoka anoongorora anoramba akangwarira chero shanduko muchiitiko chekuputika kwekuputika, sezvo vanhu veko vachigadzirisa hupenyu hwavo kune iyi nharaunda ine hutsinye asi inofadza.