Pfungwa yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze yakashanduka kubva pamutsara wakapfava kuenda kudambudziko repasi rose. Mumakumi emakore ari kuuya, zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanyisa zvinotarisirwa kuwedzera zvakanyanya, nekusanaya kwemvura, masaisai ekupisa, husiku hwemunzvimbo dzinopisa uye kunaya kwemvura kunowedzera mune ramangwana. Mukuwedzera, kuwedzera kwemadutu makuru kunotarisirwa mugungwa reAtlantic. Zvisinei, Spain haitamburi nemadutu, asi inobatwa nezviitiko zvinowanzozivikanwa semadonhwe echando, izvo zvinonyatsozivikanwa seDANA (kuora mwoyo kwakasiyana pamatunhu akakwirira).
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza nezve zvitsva zvakawanikwa nezve Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera kweDANAS muSpain.
Kuwedzera muDANAS nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze
Mubvunzo unomuka: kana zviitiko zvakawanda zvakanyanya zvakanyanya mumakore anotevera, mhedzisiro yeDANA ingave yakakomba here kana ichiratidzira? Uyezve, chii chaizvo chinonzi DANA kana kudonha kutonhora uye ndeapi maitiro anotungamira mukuumbwa kwayo?
Mu troposphere, denga remuchadenga umo mamiriro ekunze anoitika, pane nzira yekutenderera iyo inogona kutungamira mukusimudzirwa kwezvose zviri zviviri depressions uye anticyclones. Madutu anoratidzirwa nemamiriro ekunze asina kugadzikana, kusanganisira kunaya kwemvura uye cloud cover. Madutu aya ane mukana wekubva kumusoro uye kumusoro, kunyanya mukati mezvikamu zvepamusoro zvemhepo.
DANA inoonekwa apo dutu, kana kuora mwoyo, kunowedzera pakakwirira uye kunoputika kubva kune yakapoteredza kutenderera kwemhepo, iyo ndiyo mavambo ezita rayo. Kazhinji, Aya madutu epamusoro-soro anobata mhepo inotonhora mukati mezvikamu zvepamusoro zvemhepo. Kufamba kwemhepo inotonhora iyi munzvimbo inodziya kunoguma nekudyidzana pakati pemhepo yakawanda inoratidzirwa nekusiyana kwetembiricha uye mwero wemwando, kazhinji zvichiguma nekuvandudzwa kwemabhanan’ana makuru ayo anowanzo buritsa mvura zhinji, dzimwe nguva inonaya muzvisikwa.
Tembiricha inoshanduka muGungwa reMediterranean
Gungwa reMediterranean rinopa chikamu chakakosha chinodiwa pakuvandudzwa kwemadutu makuru uye kunaya kwemvura. Mvura inodziya iripo mukupera kwezhizha inoshanda sechinhu chinokonzeresa madutu nemvura inonaya kana chiitiko cheDANA chikaitika.
Izvo zvakakosha kufunga kuti tembiricha yegungwa pamahombekombe eSpanish Mediterranean yakawedzera ne0,8ºC muzana ramakore rapfuura, tichiona kuwedzera kwakawedzera kubva 1980.
Ichi chiitiko chinosanganisira kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekupisa mukati memwedzi yechirimo yaMay naChikumi, iyo inoenderera muzhizha rose uye inoenderera kusvika mumwedzi yekudonha yaGumiguru uye kutanga kwaNovember.
Zvinoenderana nekufungidzira kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwemakumi emakore ari kuuya, tembiricha yeMediterranean inotarisirwa kuramba ichikwira. Kuwedzera uku kunofambisa kuumbwa kwemakore emhepo uye kunobvumira kunaya kwemvura kuti kuwedzere kusimba pamusoro penguva pfupi, iyo inogona inopa huwandu hwemvura inonaya iri pakati pe100 ne200 litres paskweya mita muawa imwe chete.
Muchokwadi, zvese zvinoratidza kuti kutaridzika kweaya maDANA kana anotonhora madonhwe anogona kutungamirira kune zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya uye zvakakomba mhedzisiro nemhedzisiro.
Kusiyanisa pakati peDANA, kudonha kutonhora uye dutu
Kunyangwe zvichizivikanwa sezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze akasiyana, mazwi ekuti DANA uye kudonha kutonhora, muchidimbu, anenge akafanana. Kudonha kunotonhora kunotsanangurwa se“mhepo yakawanda inodzika ichibva kumhepo inotonhora zvikuru ichienda kumhepo inodziya, ichikonzera kuvhiringika kukuru kwemuchadenga,” sezvakataurwa muduramazwi rezvidzidzo.
Del Campo anotsanangura kuti izwi rinonyanya kuzivikanwa rekuti "kudonha kunotonhora" rinobva mukushandurwa kunenge chaiko kweiyo pfungwa yakaunzwa nechikoro cheGerman, iyo yakaidaidza se kaltlufttropfen, iyo inoshandura se "kudonha kwemhepo inotonhora." Zvisinei, Izwi rekuti "gota cold" rakave nemukurumbira wakakosha muSpain muma1980s uye raisanganiswa nechero nyaya yekunaya kwemvura zhinji., pasinei nekubatanidzwa kweDANA.
Kune rimwe divi, dutu rinomiririra chiitiko chakasiyana zvachose: idutu rinoitika pachiyero chenzvimbo. Iri rudzi rwedutu rinogadzirwa nemakore ecumulonimbus, ane kukura kwakasimba uye ane mutoro wekuyerera kwemagetsi emuchadenga anozviratidza semheni inooneka. Kutaura kunonzwika kweizvi zvinoyerera kunoonekwa sekutinhira.
Zvinoenderana neAEMET data, yakajairwa-inogadzira makore masisitimu anovhara nzvimbo inosvika gumi masikweya makiromita uye anogara ingangoita awa imwe. Del Campo anojekesa: “Zvirokwazvo, DANA inokurudzira kukura kwedutu; Nekudaro, madutu akadai anogonawo kuitika akazvimirira kubva kuDANA. "
Zviri kuitika kakawanda nhasi here?
DANAs inowanzoitika kumaodzanyemba kwejet stream inokonzera kuumbwa kwavo, dunhu rinosanganisira Spain. Ongororo yakaitwa gore rakapera neAmerican Meteorological Society yakaratidza kuwedzera kwepasi rose kwechiitiko cheDANA kubva kuma1960 maererano nedel Campo, "Kune kuchamhembe kwehemisphere, nzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzekusvika kweDANA dziri kumaodzanyemba kweEurope, kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva. yeUnited States, dunhu reChina-Siberia, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwePacific, uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweNorth America. Ukuwo, kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere, Australia neNew Zealand ndidzo dzakawanda, pamwe chete nechokumaodzanyemba kweSouth America uye kumaodzanyemba kweAsia.”
MuSpain, mamiriro ekunze ezvakaitika kare anoratidzwa nezvikamu zvemvura inonaya, iyo yakagara ichikonzera mafashamo anotyisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye nguva. Del Campo anotsanangura kuti "iyo DANA Iwo ndiwo chikamu chakakosha chemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze uye agara achikonzera matambudziko ane chekuita nekunaya kwemvura.. Zvisinei, kuitika kwekunaya kwakanyanya hakuna kuvimbiswa kana DANA iri pedyo, sezvo zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sechinzvimbo chayo uye kuwanikwa kwemhepo yakanyorova pamusoro.
Mumakore achangopfuura, dunhu reMedithera rakasangana nezviitiko zvakanyanya zvemamiriro ekunze zvakakonzerwa nekufurira kweDANA hombe dzinosvika kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva kwenzvimbo yepeninsula. Maererano nadel Campo, “dzimwe nzvero dzinokarakadza kuti pamazuva anonaya mvura yakawanda zvino kupfuura mumakumi amakore apfuura.” Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kunaya kwemvura kwave kuwedzera zvakanyanya, chiitiko chave chichinyanya kuzivikanwa munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa yeMediterranean.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuwedzera kweDANAS nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muSpain.