Kutenderera kwe nitrogen

El kutenderera kwe nitrogen Iyo biogeochemical cycle iyo yakakosha pakushanda kwakanaka kwehupenyu. Kune marudzi akasiyana ebiogeochemical cycles anovimbisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anobatsira mukusimudzira hupenyu. Zvisikwa zvese zvipenyu zvinoenderana nekutenderera kwenitrogen pakukura nekukura kwazvo.

Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza iwe ese features, mavambo uye kukosha kweiyo nitrogen cycle.

Chii chinonzi nitrogen kutenderera

Kutenderera kwenitrogen hakuna chinhu kunze kwea seti yemakemikari uye ehupenyu maitiro ayo anotendera zvipenyu kuti zviwanikwe ne nitrogen mukusimudzira kwavo. Uye chinhu ichi chakakosha kuti chipenyu chisimbe zvizere. Kune madhamu akasiyana, matanho ekutenderera uku akakosha zvikuru kuhupenyu hwevanhu. Sezvineiwo nekabhoni kutenderera uye mamwe echisikigo kutenderera, kune masosi ekubuda kwechinhu ichi. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuti kutenderera kuvharwe zvachose, panofanira kunge kune matsime e nitrogen absorption. Nenzira iyi, chiyero chenitrogen chinofanirwa kugadzikana kuti zvese zvishande nemazvo.

Zvisinei, vanhu vari kukonzera kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvakatipoteredza pasi rose, uye kutenderera uku kuri kuvhiringwa zvakakomba. Pakati pehunhu hwatinahwo hweiyi biogeochemical cycle tine kwayakabva. Nitrogen inogadzirwa kubva pakusikwa kweatomic nuclei itsva, isiri-metallic kemikari zvinhu munzvimbo ine gasi. Isu tinoziva kuti mukati mekutenderera kwakasiyana organic uye inorganic makemikari mafomu anoratidzwa. Kushanda kwezvinhu zvese kunotanga nekurasikirwa kwemaerekitironi. Ipapo ndipo, pasina ma electrons, amino acids, DNA uye mapuroteni anogona kugadzirwa. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwese uku, kutenderera kwenitrogen kunoita basa rakakosha mukukura kwezvirimwa uye matishu ezvipenyu.

Kunyangwe iri mhando yeasingabatike ecosystem sevhisi, yakakosha mukusimudzira kwehupenyu. Naizvozvo, tinofanira kudzidza kuchengetedza kutenderera uku sezvo kwakakosha. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve kuumbwa kwayo, zvinonakidza kuongorora iyo, izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise basa rayo mukutenderera uye hukama hwayo nemamwe maitiro ebiogeochemical.

Nitrogen matura pasirese pasirese

Ngationgororei matura makuru umo nitrogen inowanikwa pasi rose. Chikamu chekutanga chiri mumhepo. Tinoziva kuti mhepo yedu ine huvepo hwepamusoro hwe nitrogen, iyo inoita 78% yemagasi ese. Ndiyo yakawanda yeiyi mhepo yemhepo. Kunyangwe iyo nitrogen yemuchadenga iri inert uye isingaite chero mhando yekuita, inoita basa rayo mune izvi zvese.

Imwe nzvimbo ine nitrogen reservoirs iri mumatombo e sedimentary. 21% nitrogen inowanikwa yakavhenganiswa nezvinhu zvakasikwa uye inoparadzirwa mumakungwa. Ngatisakanganwa kuti zvipenyu zvemugungwa zvinodawo nitrogen kuti ibudirire, uye hukama hwayo nemamwe madhiri akakosha. Nitrogen inosanganiswa muhupenyu hwemugungwa neimwe nzira. Zvipenyu zvizhinji zvinoda nitrogen muupenyu hwazvo hwezuva nezuva kuti zviite mabasa anokosha.

Chikamu chekupedzisira chedziva rechinhu ichi chiri muma microorganisms. Tupukanana utwu tinotora chikamu mu nitrogen kutenderera ndeavo vanozivikanwa ne zita rezvigadziri, nitrifiers uye denitrifiers. Fixers ndezviya zvipenyu zvinovavarira kugadzirisa nitrogen mune zvipenyu zvavo kana mune zvimwe zvipenyu. Kune rumwe rutivi, tine nitrifiers. Izvi zvipenyu zvinodya nitrogen sechikamu cheorganic matter. MaDenitrifiers ndeaya anobvisa nitrogen semhedzisiro yemakemikari.

Zvikamu zveiyo nitrogen kutenderera

Ngationei kuti ndeapi nhanho huru dzekutenderera uku, sezvo ichichinjana ichienderera. Tinowana zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana umo nitrogen inoratidzika segasi uye inotora zvakasiyana. Ngationei kuti zvikamu zvikuru ndezvipi:

• Kugadziriswa: Ndiyo nhanho umo nitrogen yemumhepo inowanikwa nezvisikwa zvese zvipenyu zvinogona kuishandisa kuburikidza neabiotic nzira. Hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kweiyo chikamu cheecosystem iyo isina hupenyu. Semuenzaniso, simba remagetsi kubva kumheni uye nemwaranzi yezuva zvinhu zveabiotic. Upenyu hweBiotic ndicho chikamu chinokwanisa kutora nitrogen kubva kune tupukanana huri muvhu.
• Kufananidzwa: Nitrates inomira pano. Muchikamu chese ichi chekufamba, zvinomera zvinoita basa rinokosha. Mu cytoplasm yemasero ezvirimwa tine ma nitrate ayo akaderedzwa kuita nitrites. Nitrite inoshandiswa kuiswa muchirimwa kuburikidza nemidzi. Tinoziva kuti zvirimwa zvinoshandisa nitrogen sechikafu kukura nekuberekana, nokudaro zvichirerutsa kukura kwekurima, uko kunoenderana nefotereza yenitrogen.
• Amoni: chikamu cheiyo nitrogen kutenderera uko inoshandurwa kuita ammonium ion nekuda kwekuita kweaerobic microorganisms. Izvi zvinoreva kuti tupukanana tudiki tunoshanda pamberi peokisijeni.
• Nitrification: Icho chikamu cheichi chiitiko chinosanganisira yehupenyu oxidation yeammonia neaerobic microorganisms. Nekuda kweiyo nitrification, iyo ammonia nitrogen inodzokera muvhu kuti ishandiswe zvakare nezvirimwa.
• Kufambisa: iyo inopesana maitiro kune nitrification.
• Kurambidzwa: ndiyo nzira inopesana nekugadzirisa. Pano tine maitiro anozivikanwa seanaerobic respiration. Ndiko kuti, rudzi urwu rwekuita runoitika mukushayikwa kweokisijeni. Iyi nzira ine basa rekudzorera nitrogen kumhepo uye nitrate yakanyungudutswa mumvura. Ndiyo chikamu chekupedzisira chekutenderera apo zvinhu zvose zvinodzokera kune kwazvakabva.

Kukosha

Sezvatakambotaura, kutenderera uku kwakakosha pane ecological level. Nitrogen yakakosha kune zvipenyu chero bedzi ichishandiswa navo. Icho chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kweDNA, amino acids, mapuroteni uye nucleic acids. Inovawo chinhu chakakosha pabudiriro nekubudirira mukurima. Mafetireza mazhinji anoshandiswa mukurima kuti zvirimwa zvikure nekukurumidza uye nehunhu huri nani hune huwandu hwakawanda hwenitrogen.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo nitrogen kutenderera uye ayo maitiro.