Apo mvura inonaya paivhu rakakanganiswa nokusanaya kwemvura pashure penguva refu, kunhuwa kwakasiyana kunobuda. Kunhuhwirira uku kunowanzozivikanwa se "kunhuwa kwepasi kwakanyorova" kana "kunhuhwirira kwemvura" mumutauro wemazuva ese. Petrichor ndiro izwi rakaumbwa kutsanangura kunhuhwirira uku. Vanhu vakawanda havazivi kuti munhuwi wevhu rakanyorova unogadzirwa sei.
Nokudaro, tichazotsaurira chinyorwa ichi kukuudza kuti kunhuhwirira kwevhu rakanyorova kunogadzirwa sei, mamwe maitiro ayo uye nhoroondo.
Kwakabva izwi rokuti petrichor
Nyanzvi dze geologist dzekuAustralia dzakagadzira izwi rekuti "petrichor" muna 1964. Izwi rekuti "preticor" kana kuti "pretichor" rakaumbwa nenyanzvi mbiri dzekuAustralia, Isabel Joy Bear naRG Thomas muna 1964. Izwi iri rakasumwa muchinyorwa chakabudiswa muna Nature (993/ 2) ) kwavakakurondedzera se“kunhuhwirira kunobudiswa nemafuta anobudiswa nemimwe miti munguva yokusanaya kwemvura.” Mafuta aya Inotorwa nepamusoro pematombo, kunyanya sedimentary matombo akadai sevhu, uye inoburitswa mumhepo kana yasangana nemvura.. Kazhinji inoperekedzwa neimwe komputa inonzi geosmin. Iko kusanganiswa kwemakomponi aya kunoguma nekunhuhwirira kwakasiyana kwatinoona, uye pamberi pekutinhira, ozone inogona kunge iripo. Unogona kuziva zvakawanda nezve geosmin mune imwe nyaya yakabatana.
Magadzirirwo anoita munhuwi wevhu rakanyorova
Mushure meimwe tsvakiridzo, Bear naThomas (1965) vakaratidza kuti mafuta anonhuhwirira ane kugona kutadzisa kuumbwa kwembeu uye kukura kwechirimwa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvirimwa zvinoburitsa mafuta aya senzira yekudzivirira kudzivirira kumera panguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Kunhuwa kwemafuta aya ndiko kunyanya yakasimba uye inowanikwa kwese kwese munzvimbo dzerenje, kunyanya munguva yekunaya kwemvura izvo zvinotevera nguva refu yekusanaya kwemvura. Uyezve, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti petrichor, iyo inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinopfuura makumi mashanu zvakasiyana, haisati yagadzirwa nehunyanzvi nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo kwakaoma.
Geosmin, izwi rechiGiriki rinoreva kuti "kunhuhwirira kwenyika," ikemikari inogadzirwa nebhakitiriya Streptomyces coelicolor uye mamwe cyanobacteria. Aya asiri-pathogenic gram-positive mabhakitiriya akapararira uye anobatsira kune zvakatipoteredza nekuda kwe kutora chikamu mumaitiro akawanda anobatsira kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvipenyu. Geosmin inogadzirwa nekuita kweaya mabhakitiriya. Mamwe masayendisiti anokarakadza kuti kufarira kwedu munhuwi wepetrichor, kana kuti “kunhuwa kwevhu rakanyorova,” kwakagarwa nhaka kumadzitateguru edu, avo vaibatanidza mvura noupenyu nokupukunyuka. Kana iwe uchida kupinda zvakadzama mumusoro wenyaya, tinokurudzira kuverenga nezve Biomes uye hukama hwavo nemamiriro ekunze.
Anthropologists vanotenda kuti madzitateguru edu akaita hukama hwakanaka nekunhuhwirira uku, sezvo zvaireva kupera kwenguva ine ngozi yekusanaya kwemvura uye kusvika kwemvura yaidiwa zvakanyanya. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidzawo izvozvo kunhuhwirira kwe geosmin kwakatungamirira dzimwe mhuka, kufanana nengamera, kuwana mvura uye kwakabatsira zvimwe zvirimwa kuita mukume mukuru, zvakadai somuAmazon.
Shandisa kunhuwa kwevhu rakanyorova sezvinonhuwira
Muna 2008, mugadziri weHermès pefiyumu, Jean-Claude Ellena, akagadzira kunhuhwirira kunofadza uye kunozorodza kunoyeuchidza nezvenyika yakazara nemvura. Mugadziri wezvinonhuhwirira pachake anozvitsanangura se "kutaura kwakanyarara kwechimiro chinoberekwazve mushure memvura." Iyo yehunyanzvi feat yekutora kunhuhwirira kwevhu rakanyorova mubhodhoro haisi itsva. Mamireniyamu apfuura, varapi, varapi, vanachiremba nemamongi muIndia, Oman nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeAsia neMiddle East vakanga vachitogadzira mitti attar, kana kuti “perfume yepasi,” kunyungudutswa kwemafuta esandalwood nemadhaka akaomeswa anofukidza musimboti wenguva apo mvura yemupfuhwira inonaya panyika yakaoma.. Kunhuhwirira uku kunoratidza zvakaita pasi rakanyorova mvura painodzokera kwariri, zvichitsiva zvakabviswa nezuva.
Munhau yaro yose, kunhuhwirira uku kwakashanda zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwayo somushonga wokurapa, chipiriso mumitambo yechitendero, uye se Hutsanana hwakakosha kumakirasi evakuru mudzimba dzavo nedzimba dzemadzimambo. Uku kunhuhwirira kwainhuhwirira kwaiva nehupfumi hwakasimba uye hunodhaka zvekuti hunogona kunge huchiita zvinodhaka. Kwakaita sokunge kunhuhwirira kwacho kwaibudisa kupisa kwenyika yakaoma, yakaoma, kwozongonyaradzwa kamwe kamwe nemvura inonyevenutsa yemvura.
Nhoroondo ye petrichor
KuMiddle East, vaprista navanachiremba vomunguva yakapfuura vakanga vasati vaziva nezvechiitiko icho Jean-Claude Ellena akanga atowana. Iko kunhuhwirira kunofadza kwepasi rakanyorova mushure memvura kunokonzerwa nekusangana kwakaoma pakati pemvura, ivhu uye akasiyana ma microorganisms anogara imomo. Kunhuhwirira uku kwakwezva pfungwa dzesainzi nevagadziri vepefiyumu, zvokuti kubvira muna 1964 zita rokuti petrichor rave richipiwa kwairi. Izwi iri - rinobva pamazwi echiGiriki anoti petros (dombo rinoreva dombo) uye ichor (zvinoreva mvura inoyerera nemutsinga dzevamwari maererano nengano yechiGiriki) - rakatangwa naIsabel Joy Bear naRichard Thomas muchinyorwa chakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi Nature.
"Iye petrichor Inhuhwira inozorodza uye inofadza inofambidzana nemvura. Musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira magasi emuchadenga, mamorekuru anogadzirwa nemabhakitiriya munzvimbo dzine hunyoro uye zvinonhuhwirira organic komisheni inoiswa pamusoro pematombo, ivhu nezvirimwa.
Mvura isati yanaya, kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana kunopinda muchadenga. Chiitiko chinonhuwira ichi mhedzisiro yekusangana pakati penyika nedenga. Sezvo mhepo inozadzwa nehunyoro, inosvika pakusangana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakaoma, seasphalt, matombo, uye tsvina. Zvidiki zvidiki zvemvura inovhuvhuta inopinda munzvimbo idzi, ichiburitsa mamorekuru anonhuhwirira. Kunhuwirira kunowedzera kunzwika kana mvura yauya. nzira iyo inonyanya kuoneka mumwedzi yezhizha uye nguva dzekusanaya kwemvura. Kana ivhu rakaomarara, mafuta akawanda anobudiswa panguva yekunaya kwemvura.
Kusimba kwekunhuhwirira kunoenderana nehuwandu hwemakomisheni anoputika aripo panzvimbo iyo mvura inonaya. Aya makomisheni anoungana panguva yakaoma, izvo zvinotsanangura kuti nei kunhuhwirira nuances kunowedzera kuzara panguva yekunaya kwezhizha. Nyanzvi Barcenilla inotsanangura maitiro aya zvakadzama. Kunhuhwirira kwe petrichor chiratidzo chenyika, asi inoda mvura kuratidza. Kuti uunganidze mafuta uye mamorekuru anonhuhwirira, petrichor inoda nguva yakaoma. Saka Munguva yekunaya kwemvura kana munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwepamusoro, kunhuhwirira kwayo hakuna simba.
Kunhuhwirira kwepetrichor kune ivhu uye kunyorova, zvisinei, zvichienderana nenharaunda (kuvapo kwemaminerari, matombo, tupukanana, fauna uye flora panguva nenzvimbo yekunaya) inogona kuve nezvakawanda zvehungwaru. Izvi zvisinganzwisisike zvinogona kuve zvakasvibirira, zvinonhuhwirira, zvine munyu, matanda, zvine manotsi eforoma, zvicherwa, ozone, mweya mutsva kana kunyange maindasitiri kana asphalt anonhuwirira.
