Muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva tinoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwedu huve hwakanaka; Nekudaro, zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa izvi zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kune zvese hutano hwedu uye zvakatipoteredza, chimwe cheanonyanyozivikanwa aerosols.
Aerosols Iwo madiki madiki akarembera mumhepo, uye kunyangwe angaite seasingakuvadzi, ane kukanganisa kukuru pamamiriro ekunze epasi rose. Muchokwadi, ongororo ichangobva kuitika yakaratidza kuti maaerosols anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuumbwa kwegore uye, nekudaro, tembiricha yemhepo. Kuti unzwisise chiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kudzidza kukosha kwemakore mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuti zvinokanganisa sei kunzwisisa kwedu kwe terrestrial energy balance.
Zvinofadza kuti nekuda kwegomo rinoputika reIcelandic, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti maaerosols anokanganisa sei mamiriro ekunze epasi rose. Pakati pe1783 na1784, gomo rinoputika Holuhraun MuIceland, kuburikidza nekutsemuka kwayo kweLaki, yakabudisa huwandu hukuru hwesulfur dioxide, ichigadzira chikamu chezvikamu pamusoro pegungwa. North Atlantic. Aya maaerosols echisikigo aive neyakasiyana mhedzisiro pakukura kwemadonhwe emakore, achidzikisa saizi yavo pasina kuwedzera huwandu hwemvura mavari. Izvi zvakaongororwa nechikwata kubva ku Yunivhesiti yeExeter, izvo zvakawanikwa zvakaburitswa mujenari muzvarirwo.
Chidzidzo Inopa ruzivo rwakakodzera runogona kubatsira kuderedza kusava nechokwadi mune ramangwana kufungidzira kwemamiriro ekunze nekutsanangura kukanganisa kwe sulfate aerosols kubva muhuni hwemaindasitiri pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Iyi nzira inova yakakosha, zvichipihwa kuti maaerosols haafanire kunzwisiswa kwete chete seanosvibisa, asi semamiriro ekunze anokanganisa hurongwa hwePasi. Muenzaniso wakajeka weizvi ndewekuti iyo utsi hunobva mukuputika kwemakomo inopesvedzera mamiriro emuchadenga, musoro wenyaya unogona zvakare kuenderana nawo Kuputika kwemakomo munyika inodziya.
Aerosols anoita senge nuclei mumhepo, uko iyo mhute yemvura inomonereka kuita makore. Kune maaerosols ekubva mumaindasitiri, senge sulfates, uye aerosol echisikigo, senge sulfur dioxide inoburitswa nekuputika kwegomo. Panguva yekupedzisira kuputika kwegomo Holuhraun Muna 2014-2015, pakati 40.000 kusvika 100.000 matani esulfur dioxide zuva nezuva. Vachishandisa mamodhiyo emamiriro ekunze epamusoro uye data reNASA satellite, vaongorori vakawana kuti kubuda uku kwakakonzera kudzikira kwehukuru hwemadonhwe emvura, zvichiwedzera huwandu hwechiedza chezuva chaidzoserwa muchadenga nekudaro kuchikonzera kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze. Chiitiko ichi chine hukama nezvinozivikanwa nezvazvo global dimming uye kubatana kwayo ne mhando dzemakore.
Cloudy masisitimu, sekureva kweava vaongorori, "akanyatso chengetedzwa" kubva mukushandurwa kweaerosol yekumisikidza mumhepo. Ichi chinhu chakakosha, sezvo zvichireva kuti pane a imwe mwero wekugadzikana mukugadzirwa kwegore, zvisinei nekushanduka kweaerosols. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti aerosols inogona zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro inokuvadza pahutano hwevanhu, ichibatsira zvirwere zvekufema uye zvemwoyo.
El kukanganisa kweaerosols pamamiriro ekunze ane mativi akawanda, uye haangogumiri pakukwanisa kwayo kuderedza tembiricha. Semuenzaniso, maaerosol anogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemweya watinofema. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) muaerosols inogona kuita nechiedza chezuva, ichigadzira pasi-level ozone, iyo inobatsira kusmog uye inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa yehutano. Dambudziko iri rakabatana nezvidzidzo zve mweya wakachena uye kudziya kwepasi.
Chinhu chakakosha chine chekuita nekusiyana kweaerosols ndiko kwaakabva. Aerosols inogona kuiswa mumapoka maviri makuru: yekutanga uye yechipiri aerosols. Maaerosol ekutanga, senge soot neguruva, anoburitswa akananga mumhepo kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai sekupiswa kwemafuta ezvipfuyo, kurima, uye kuputika kwemakomo. Kune rimwe divi, yechipiri aerosols inoumbwa kubva kumakemikari kuita pakati makomisheni akasiyana mumhepo; Muenzaniso weizvi imhute inogona kuumba munzvimbo dzemumaguta nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwezvinosvibisa zvakati wandei.
Kupiswa kwemafuta ezvicherwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoitwa nevanhu zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kuwanda hwemaaerosols ari mumhepo. Mota, ndege, uye maindasitiri maitiro anogadzira huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemhepo, kwete munharaunda chete asiwo munzvimbo dziri kure. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kurima kunoitawo basa rakakosha, sezvo kutonga kwevhu kunogona kuburitsa huruva uye mamwe maaerosols. Nyaya iyi inogona kuenderana netsvakurudzo pa kukanganiswa kweguruva reGobi Desert pahutano hwemhepo munzvimbo dzakapoteredza.
Pamusoro pekuita kwavo kwakananga patembiricha, maaerosols anogona kukanganisa huwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva inosvika paPasi. Iyi michina yakaoma uye inoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, guruva riri mumhepo rinogona kuvhara chiedza chezuva, zvichiita kuti a kutonhora kwedunhu uye, mune dzimwe nguva, pasi rose. Nekudaro, ichokwadi zvakare kuti mamwe maaerosols anogona kuve nekudziya kwekudziya, senge dema kabhoni, iyo inogona kutora radiation yezuva uye kuchinja maitiro e ozone layer.
Kudyidzana kwemaaerosols nemakore ndiyo imwe nzvimbo yakakosha yekudzidza mukunzwisisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Aerosols haingokanganisa huwandu hwemakore anoumba, asiwo avo kuumbwa uye zvinhu. Izvi zvinogona kushandura mafambiro emvura, izvo zvinozokanganisa mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo nenzvimbo. Kunyanya, zvakaonekwa kuti aerosols inogona kuwedzera nhamba yemadonhwe emvura mumakore, asi kuderedza hukuru hwavo, izvo zvinogona kureva kuderera kwemvura. Chiitiko ichi, chinowanzo kunzi "hupenyu hwekuita" yeaerosols, inoonekwa seimwe yenzira dzisina chokwadi dzekuita kutonhora kwepasirese.
Sainzi iri kuseri kwezviitiko izvi inoramba ichishanduka, uye mamiriro ekunze azvino anowanzo kunetseka kuti aise zvakaringana mhedzisiro yeaerosols. Semuenzaniso, pamhando dze25 dzakatariswa neFourth Assessment Report yeIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), vashoma chete ndivo vanofunga nezvemhedzisiro yeaerosols kupfuura sulfates. Izvi zvinoburitsa kukosha kwekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga nekukwenenzvera mhando dzinotevedzera mamiriro ekunze epasi rose. Kana iwe uchifarira, unogona kubvunza kuongororwa pa apo vanhu vakatanga kupesvedzera mamiriro okunze uye kuti basa redu rinokanganisa sei aerosols.
El kuvandudzwa kwetsvakiridzo pane aerosols zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zviri nani shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Zvidzidzo zvakaita seizvo zvakaitwa mu Graciosa Island muAzores vari kupa data rakakosha kuti aerosol concentrations inokanganisa sei kuumbwa kwegore uye, nekudaro, kunaya kwemvura. Izvi zvine chekuita nekutsvakurudza pa kunyunguduka kweAntarctic Ocean, iyo inogonawo kukanganisa chiitiko ichi. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinobvumira masayendisiti kuona kudyidzana kweaerosol munzvimbo nenzvimbo, zvichibatsira mukunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro emamiriro ekunze.
Aerosols chikamu chakakosha chemhepo yedu iyo, kunyangwe ichiwanzoonekwa seinosvibisa, inotamba a basa rinokosha mumamiriro ekunze. Kudyidzana kwemaaerosols aya nemakore nekuita kwawo patembiricha nemhando yemhepo inyaya dzinoda kuramba dzichitariswa. Sezvo isu tichifambira mberi kunzwisisa kwedu kwehurongwa uhu hwakaoma, zvinova pachena kuti zvese zviito zvemunhu uye marongero epasi rose achaita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa maitiro ayo.
