Mvura, munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika, inogamuchirwa, asi kana mvura ichinge yadonha nesimba guru kana kwenguva yakareba, panouya nguva apo ivhu kana migero yemudhorobha yemadhorobha nemaguta yamira kukwanisa kuipinza.
Uye zvechokwadi, sezvo mvura iri mvura uye, nekudaro, chinhu chinofamba nenzira yacho kwese kwachinoenda, kunze kwekunge makore apararira nekukasira, hatizombova neimwe sarudzo kunze kwekutaura nezvemafashama. Asi, Ndezvipi uye zvinokonzerwa nei?
Ndezvipi?
Mafashama iko kugarwa nemvura kwenzvimbo dzinowanzo kuve dzisina izvi. Izvo zviitiko zvechisimba zvave zvichiitika kubvira paine mvura paPasi, ichiumba mahombekombe, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwemapani mumipata yenzizi nenyika dzakaorera.
Chii chinokonzera ivo?
Zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvakasiyana zviitiko, izvo zviri:
- Kutonhora kudonha: kunoitika kana tembiricha yepasi panotonhora kupfuura yemakungwa. Musiyano uyu unokonzeresa kuwanda kwemhepo inopisa, ine mwando kukwira kusvika pakati nepamusoro pemhepo, zvichikonzera kunaya kwemvura uye, semugumisiro, inogona mafashamo. MuSpain chiitiko chegore negore chinoitika kutanga mumatsutso.
- Monsoon: Monsoon imhepo yemwaka inogadzirwa nekubviswa kwebhandi re equatorial. Zvinokonzerwa nekutonhodza kwepasi, kunokurumidza kudarika kwemvura. Nokudaro, muzhizha tembiricha yePasi penyika inokwirira kudarika yenyanza, izvo zvinoita kuti mhepo iri pamusoro penyika isimuke nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera dutu. Mhepo, sezvainovhuvhuta ichibva kune anticyclones (nzvimbo dzekumanikidza kwakanyanya) yakananga kumadutu (nzvimbo dzekudzikira) kuti ienzanise zvese zvinomanikidza, mhepo ine simba inogara ichivhuvhuta kubva mugungwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti mvura inaye zvakanyanya izvo zvinoita kuti nzizi dziwedzere.
- MadutuHurricane kana madutu zvinhu zvemamiriro ekunze izvo, kunze kwekukwanisa kukonzeresa kukuvadza kwakawanda, zviriwo pakati pezvinodonha mvura zhinji. Iwo madutu masisitimu ane kutenderera kwakavharwa kunotenderera kutenderedza nzvimbo yakaderera-kudzvanywa uku ichidyisa kupisa kwegungwa, uko kune tembiricha ingangoita 20 degrees Celsius. Muchirevo ichi, the Hurricane inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru.
- Thaw: munzvimbo dzinonaya chando kazhinji uye mukuwedzera ichiita zvakanyanya, nekukasira kuwedzera kwekushisa kunokonzera mafashama munzizi. Inogona zvakare kupihwa kana kudonha kwechando kwave kurema uye kusingajairike, senge izvo zvisingawanzo kuitika munzvimbo dzine yakaoma-kana yakaoma mamiriro ekunze.
- Mafungu emvura kana tsunami: Izvi zviitiko ndezvimwe zvinogona kukonzera mafashamo. Mafungu makuru anokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika anogona kuparadza mahombekombe egungwa, zvichikonzera matambudziko mazhinji kune vese vagari uye maruva nemhuka. Zvinonyanya kuitika muPacific neIndia Oceans, iyo ine yakakura seismic chiitiko.
Ndezvipi zvidziviriro zvatiinazvo kwavari?
Sezvo vanhu vakatanga kuwedzera kugara, vachigara pedyo nenzizi nemipata, zvakagara zvine dambudziko rakafanana: maitiro ekudzivirira mafashama? KuEjipitori, panguva yevaFarao, rwizi rweNile rwunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kuvaIjipita, saka vakakurumidza kudzidza kuti vangadzivirire sei zvirimwa zvavo nemikoto yaitsausa mvura nemadhamu. Asi zvinosuwisa kuti vaimboparadzwa nemvura mushure memakore mashoma.
Munguva yeMiddle Ages muSpain nekuchamhembe kweItaly, madziva nemadhamu zvaive zvichitovakwa izvo zvaitonga mafambiro enzizi. Asi hazvisati zviripo kusvika parizvino, munguva iripo, kuti mune dzinonzi nyika dzeKutanga Nyika tiri kunyatsokwanisa kudzivirira mafashama. Madhibhi, zvipingamupinyi zvesimbi, marangiji ekugadzirisa, kuvandudza kugona kwenzizi dzenzizi… Zvese izvi, zvakawedzerwa kufanozivisa mamiriro ekunze, zvakatitendera kudzora mvura zviri nani.
Uyewo, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinorambidzwa kuvaka pamhenderekedzo, idzo inzvimbo dzine njodzi zvikuru nemafashamo. Uye kana nzvimbo yomusikirwo ikasiyiwa isina zvinomera, mvura yacho ichava nenguva iri nyore zvikuru yokutsvaira zvinhu zvose, nokudaro ichisvika mudzimba; Zvisinei, kana pasina chakavakwa, kana kuti kana mhoteredzo yakakuvadzwa zvikuru nomunhu ikadzorerwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemiti yomuzvarirwo, ngozi yamafashamo anoparadza chinhu chiri chose ishoma. Mupfungwa iyi, kuwedzera kwekusimbisa kunokosha kudzivirira migumisiro yakaipa yemafashamo emangwana.
Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kune rimwe divi, masisitimu akadai sekudzivirira, kuchenjerera uye zviito zvinotevera hazvigadziriswe, sezvazvakaitika mune madutu anga achiparadza nyika dzeSoutheast Asia. Nekudaro, kudyidzana kwepasi rose kuri kutsigira zviito zvekuti vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzine njodzi vachengeteke.
Mafashama muSpain
MuSpain takave nematambudziko makuru nemafashama. Izvo zvakakomba kwazvo munhoroondo yedu yazvino yaive inotevera:
Mafashamo a1907
Musi waSeptember 24, 1907, vanhu makumi maviri nevaviri vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo kuMalaga nekuda kwemvura zhinji. Bheseni reGuadalmedina rakafashukira, rakatakura avalanche huru yemvura nematope iyo yakasvika mamita mashanu pakureba.
Mafashama makuru eValencia
Musi waGumiguru 14, 1957, vanhu makumi masere nemasere vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo nekuda kwekufashukira kwerwizi Turia. Paive nemafashama maviri: wekutanga akashamisa munhu wese, sezvo muValencia makanga musina kumbonaya; wechipiri akasvika masikati kunzvimbo yeCamp del Turia. Mune ino yekupedzisira 125l / m2 yakaunganidzwa, 90 vavo mumaminitsi makumi mana. Rwizi rwacho rwaiyerera runosvika 40 m4200/s. MuBegis (Castellón) 3 l/m361 yakaunganidzwa.
Mafashamo a1973
On Gumiguru 19, 1973, 600l / m2 yakaunganidzwa muZúrgena (AlmerÃa) uye muAlbuñol (Granada). Paive nekufa kwakawanda; uyezve, matunhu eLa Rábita (Granada) nePuerto Lumbreras (Murcia) vakaparadzwa zvachose.
Tenerife mafashama
Kurume 31, 2002 232.6l / m2 akaunganidzwa, ine hukasha hwe162.6l / m2 muawa imwe, izvo zvakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vasere.
Mafashama muLevante
Mufananidzo - Ecestaticos.com
Pakati paZvita 16 na19, 2016, dutu reLevante rakakanganisa Valencian Community, Murcia, AlmerÃa neBalearic Islands zvakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vashanu. Panzvimbo dzakawanda kupfuura 600l / m2 akaunganidza.
Mafashama muMalaga
Musi waMarch 3, 2018 dutu akasunungurwa kusvika pamalita zana muzvikamu mudunhu reMalaga, senge chiteshi chengarava cheMalaga, yekuMadokero neInland Costa del Sol, iyo SerranÃa neGenal Valley. Neraki, pakange pasina kurasikirwa kwevanhu kwekuzvidemba, asi vezvevashandi vechimbichimbi vakatarisa zviitiko zvinopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu nekuda kwekudonha kwemiti nezvimwe zvinhu, uye kukoromoka kwepasi.
Haisi nguva yokutanga chimwe chinhu chakadai kuitika. Muchokwadi, izvi zviitiko zvinosuruvarisa zvakajairika. Semuenzaniso, Kukadzi 20, 2017 140 litita emvura akaunganidzwa pamamirimita mita nousiku humwe. Zvekukurumidzira zvakapinda zviitiko makumi maviri nematatu nekuda kwemafashama epasi pasi, kuwira zvinhu uye mota zvakanamatira mumugwagwa.
Dambudziko nderekuti dunhu rakakomberedzwa nemakomo. Kana kwanaya, mvura yese inoenda kwairi. Vanhu veMalaga vagara vachikumbira matanho anotorwa ekuzvidzivirira.
