Pakusangana kwenzizi nenyanza, panobva pabuda imwe ecosystem inonzi estuaries. Aya matunhu emahombekombe akakosha zvakanyanya kune zvese zvipenyu zvemugungwa uye nevanhu, vachizvikudza zvinoshamisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu uye nekupa akakosha ecosystem masevhisi. Isu tichazoongorora maitiro akasiyana ezvikomo uye mupiro wazvo wakakoshera mukuchengetedza kuenzanisa.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti ndezvipi mahombe anoyevedza zvikuru munyika uye kukosha kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza.
Hunhu hwema estuaries
Estuaries, kusangana kwemvura yakachena nemvura yegungwa, inoshanda sekubatana kwechisikigo pakati penzizi nemakungwa. Matunhu aya anoratidza akasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekuchinja-chinja kwemazinga emunyu uye kudzikira nekuyerera kwemafungu. Estuaries inosiyana mu saizi uye chimiro, kubva padiki mabheji kusvika kuhombe dzerwizi, chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana.
Estuaries inomuka kuburikidza zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvakatevedzana zvezviitiko, kutanga nekukukurwa kwenyika uye kunotevera kutakurwa kwevhu nenzizi. Apo nzizi idzi padzinofamba dzichienda kugungwa, simba remvura rinodzikira semugumisiro wemaitiro emvura uye chimiro chemhenderekedzo yegungwa. Uku kudzikira kwemasipirwo kunoita kuti madhanga agadzikane uye aungane pedyo nemuromo werwizi, zvichiita kuti matombo ejecha nematombo aoneke. Kupfuuridza nguva, Izvi zvakaunganidzwa sedimentary zvinokura uye zvinopa kune yakasarudzika chimiro chezvikomo zvinonzi mudflats.
Maumbirwo nekushanda kwemastuaries anoenderana zvakanyanya nekukanganisa kwemafungu. Nokuunza mvura ine munyu kubva mugungwa, masaisai anoisanganisa nemvura yakachena inobva munzizi. Pakukwira kwemvura, mvura yemunyu inokwira mukati, ichizadza rwizi uye kutanga musanganiswa wemvura yakachena nemunyu. Pane kudaro, Pakuderera kwemvura, mvura yakachena inobva murwizi inoyerera ichipinda mugungwa, zvichiita kuti mvura ine munyu irege kuyerera. Kutsinhana kusingagumi kwemunyu nemvura yakachena kunoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira inosimba uye inogara ichichinja ecosystem mukati mezvikomo.
Hutano hwakaomarara hwekudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zveecosystem inoitika mukati mezvikomo. Kusanganiswa kwemvura yakachena uye yemunyu kunopa huwandu hwenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugara, kusanganisira madhaka emunyu, mangrove uye mafuro egungwa, izvo zvinopa rubatsiro rwakakosha kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu. Aya ma dynamic ecosystem anoshanda sepokugara uye nzvimbo yekubereka uye chikafu chemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira hove, shiri, crustaceans uye zvinomera zvemumvura. Pamusoro pezvo, matsime emvura anotora basa rakakosha sekuchenesa kwechisikigo, kuchenesa mvura yakachena isati yapinda mugungwa rakakura.
Kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza
Estuaries, kunyangwe ichikosha kwezvakatipoteredza, zvipenyu zvinogona kukuvara uye zvinosangana nenjodzi dzakawanda nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwevanhu. Kusvibiswa kunobva mumaindasitiri nekuita zvekurima, Kuipa kwenzvimbo yekugara nekuda kwekuwedzera kusingadzoreki kwemahombekombe uye kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunopa zvipingamupinyi zvakakura pakuchengetedza hostuarine. Izvo zvakakosha kuita matanho ane chinangwa chekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza aya akakosha ecosystem, kuve nechokwadi chekuti anogara kwenguva refu uye kugara zvakanaka kwezvose zvipenyu zvemumvura uye huwandu hwevanhu hunoenderana nazvo.
Estuaries, nekusiyana kwadzo kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye akakosha ecosystem masevhisi, ane kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza. Kushanda senzvimbo dzebuffer dzinobatanidza nharaunda dzepanyika nedzemugungwa, matunhu emahombekombe aya anoita mabasa akakosha mukuchengetedza kuenzanisa uye kugara zvakanaka kwezvipenyu zvakatenderedza.
Estuaries, sezvakambotaurwa, ine huwandu hunoshamisa hwemhando dzakasiyana siyana. Idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzekuberekesa, Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekudyisa uye nzvimbo dzekupotera dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, uye vanoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwavo.
Estuaries inoshanda senzvimbo yakakosha yekugara kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemugungwa uye estuarine mhuka, ichishanda senzvimbo dzekurera uye nzvimbo dzekudyira. Mhando dzakati wandei dzehove, kusanganisira salmon, trout, shrimp uye eel, zvinoenderana nenzvimbo dzemvura pakubereka uye senzvimbo yakachengeteka yevana vadzo. Idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzinopa chikafu chakawanda, dziviriro kubva zvikara uye mamiriro akakwana ekusimudzira zvisikwa zvidiki. Uyezve, shiri dzinotama dzinoshandisa mazambuko emvura senzvimbo yekuzororera uye yekudyisa munzira dzadzinotama.
Estuaries inoita basa rakakosha semasefa echisikigo, kuchenesa mvura yakachena painoenda kugungwa. Mukati meidzi nharaunda dzezvitsuwa, mibhedha yehuswa hwegungwa, mangrove nemachakwi emunyu zvinoteya tsvina nezvinosvibisa, zvichivandudza kunaka kwemvura isati yasvika kugungwa rakashama. Ichiita sezvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo, zvipenyu izvi zvinotora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana sekudya uye simbi inorema, kudzivirira kuparara kwemhando yemvura uye kutaridzika kwe eutrophication mumakungwa ecosystem.
Kudzivirirwa kwemahombekombe ibasa rakakosha rinoitwa nemadziva. Zvidziviriro zvechisikigo, zvakadai semiti yemimango nemadhamu emunyu, zvinoshanda sezvipingamupinyi pamasimba anoparadza emadutu nemafashamo. Kuburikidza nemidzi yazvo yakakora uye zvinomera, zvipenyu izvi zvinonyatso kudzikamisa ivhu remahombekombe uye kuderedza kukukurwa. Zvinotorawo simba guru remasaisai, zvichidzivirira nzvimbo dziri mukati menyika kubva kune zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa nemadutu uye mhepo ine simba. Naizvozvo, Zvakakosha kuchengetedza matsime emvura kuchengetedza kusimba kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe uye kuchengetedza kugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda dzevanhu dziri pedyo.
Hukoshi hwehupfumi hwenzvimbo dzemvura haifanire kufuratirwa sezvo dzichipa zviwanikwa zvakakosha zvezvese zvekutengesa uye zvekutandara zvinangwa. Nenzvimbo dzadzo dzokugara dzakawanda, mahombekombe egungwa anoshanda seutiziro hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehove nehove, achitsigira maindasitiri ehove ari kubudirira. Pamusoro pezvo, mahombe emvura anokwezva vashanyi vanofarira kuona shiri, hove dzemitambo uye varaidzo, izvo zvinozoita. inosimudzira hupfumi nekuita mari nekugadzira mikana yemabasa munharaunda dzemahombekombe. Zviripachena kuti matsime emvura anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza upfumi hwenzvimbo nedunhu.
Makomo emvura anoyevedza munyika
Mumakore ese enguva, matsime nemadonhwe enzizi huru akashanda senzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekugarwa kwevanhu, zvichikurudzira kukura kwenharaunda dzakasiyana netsika dzakabudirira nekutora mukana wezviwanikwa zvakawanda zvavanopa.
Kwakatangira tsika dzechinyakare dzakadai seEgypt, Indian, Chinese and Persian inogona kurondwa kumashure kumatunhu ari pedyo emahombekombe. kusvika kumuromo wenzizi dzeNairi, Ganges, Yangtze, Tigris neYufratesi.
Mamwe emadhiri anocherechedzwa anosanganisira Mississippi Delta, Danube Delta iri mudunhu reBlack Sea, Huang Delta iri kuChina, Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta iri kuIndia, Nile Delta iri kuEgypt neAmazon delta iri kumaodzanyemba kweAmerica. .
Zvizhinji zvinozivikanwa estuaries zvinogona kuwanikwa kutenderera pasirese, kusanganisira Chesapeake Bay pamhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweUnited States, San Francisco Bay pamhenderekedzo yekumadokero, Thames neSeine muEurope, iyo Si-Kiang. (Hong Kong) muAsia, Murray muAustralia, uye Rwizi rweParaná neRío de la Plata pakati peArgentina neUruguay.
Mumakumi mana emakore apfuura, akakosha hydrocarbon reserves akawanikwa muOrinoco uye Mississippi rwizi deltas, anoshanda seanokonzeresa kufambira mberi uye kusimukira kwehupfumi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinonyanya kufadza estuaries munyika uye nekukosha kwavo kwezvakatipoteredza.