Kunyange zvazvo mvura dzese dzepasi dzakafanana, vanhu vakapatsanura mvura idzi kuva makungwa nemakungwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwemvura pachayo nenzvimbo yadziri. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kurongedza zvirinani zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zviwanikwa zvakasikwa uye geography. Kune akawanda makungwa enyika mhiri kwemakungwa manomwe aifungidzirwa kuve echinyakare. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine hunhu hwacho uye kune mamwe akakura kupfuura mamwe.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe pamusoro pemakungwa akasiyana epasi uye hunhu hwavo hukuru.
Makungwa enyika
Nyanza ndiyo inogara zviuru nezviuru zvezvipenyu nepakati nepakati panofamba ngarava. Mhando yavo yakakura, yakakura kwazvo kupfuura pamusoro penyika, uye vachiri nezvakavanzika zvakawanda. Makungwa uye ari padyo nemashefu ekumakondinendi. Sherufu yekondinendi ndipo panowanikwa huwandu hukuru hwezviwanikwa uye biodiversity.. Inzvimbo iri padyo nemakondinendi sekuratidzwa kweshoko rayo.
Mazhinji ezvisikwa zvinogara mupasi redu ari mumakungwa epasi. Zvakare, zvinopesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, iwo mapapu echokwadi epasi. Kune vanhu, idzi inzvimbo dzekutandara, varaidzo uye kufungisisa. Inoenderera asi isingaperi sosi yemvura inogona kusvika kudzimba kumatunhu mazhinji epasi. Nekuda kwekuredza, ivowo chinhu chakakosha kune chikafu chenyika. Iwo zvakare hwaro hwezviitiko zvevashanyi uye vaunza mabhenefiti mazhinji kune nyika sedzedu.
Dai isu taive nemakungwa epasi akapatsanurwa nekondinendi, isu tine runyorwa rwakadai.
- Europe: Adriatic, Baltic, White, English Channel, Cantabrian, Celtic, Alboran, Azov, Barents, Friesland, Ireland, Marmara, North, Aegean, Ionian, Mediterranean, Nhema uye Tyrannian.
- America: Argentine, Hudson Bay, Beaufort, Caribbean, Chilean, Cortés, Ansenuza, Bering, Chukotka, Grau, Greenland, Labrador, Sargasso neGreat Lakes.
- Asia: Yero, ChiArabhu, Chena, Caspian, Andaman, Aral, Bhendi, Bering, Celebes, South China, East China, Philippines, Japan, Okhotsk, East Siberia, Sulu, Inland Seto, Kara, Laptev, Vakafa neRed.
- Africa: Alboran, Arabian, Mediterranean uye Red.
- Oceania: Kubva kuArafura, Kubva kuBismarck, Kubva kuCoral, Kubva kuPhilippines, Kubva kuHalmahera, Kubva kunaSoromoni, Kubva kuTasmania, Uye Kubva kuTimor.
Iwo mashanu makungwa akakurisa pasirese
Nekuwedzera, pane runyorwa rwe5 makuru makungwa munyika. Izvi ndizvo zvinotevera:
- Gungwa reArabia ne 3.862.000 km²
- Maodzanyemba eChina Gungwa ne 3.500.000 km²
- Gungwa reCaribbean ne 2.765.000 km
- Gungwa reMediterranean ne 2.510.000 km²
- Bering gungwa ne 2.000.000 km²
Tichaenda kududziro zvishoma zvishoma kuti ndeapi maitiro emakungwa makuru aya.
Gungwa reArabia
Iichifukidza nzvimbo inosvika mamirioni mana emakiromita, Gungwa reArabia ndiro gungwa rakakura kwazvo pasi rese. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seGungwa reOman uye Gungwa reArabia. Inowanikwa muIndia Ocean. Ine kudzika kwe angangoita 4.600 metres uye ane mahombekombe muMaldives, India, Oman, Somalia, Pakistan neYemen.
Gungwa reArabia rakabatana neGungwa Dzvuku kuburikidza neStrait yeBab-el-Mandeb uye rakabatana nePersian Gulf kuburikidza neGulf of Oman. Zvitsuwa zvinonyanya kukosha iLaccadive Islands (India), Masira (Oman), Socotra (Yemen) uye Astora (Pakistan).
Maodzanyemba eChina Gungwa
Iine nzvimbo inosvika 3,5 miriyoni mativi emakiromita, Gungwa reSouth China ndiyo yechipiri yakakura nzvimbo yegungwa pasi rose. Iri muAsia kondinendi, mazhinji acho ari zvitsuwa zviri nyaya yemagakava enzvimbo pakati penyika dzeAsia. Rimwe rematambudziko makuru akatarisana negungwa iri kuparara kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Kurasikirwa uku kunokonzerwa nehove dzakanyanyisa uye tsika yeAsia yekudya hove mbishi. Nzvimbo idzi dzakapfuma mumarudzi ose ehove uye dzinobatwa nehove dzakawandisa.
Uyezve, zvakakosha kutaura kuti kusvibiswa mugungwa iri chinhu chakakosha. Ngatisakanganwe kuti China ine imwe yeakaipisisa mweya kusvibiswa uye kurasa marara. Iko kusvibiswa kwemvura mumakungwa aya kwakanyanya kukwirira.
Gungwa reCaribbean
Kunze kwezvitsuwa zvegoridhe zvine jecha jena nemiti yemikokonati iri pamhenderekedzo, Gungwa reCaribbean nderimwe remakungwa akadzika kwazvo pasi rino, richisvika pakadzika kwemamita mazana manomwe nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe. Kubva pamaonero enyanza, igungwa rinopisa rakavhurika uye ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiratidza runako rwayo rwechisikigo. Nechikonzero ichi, yave imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzevashanyi pasi rese. Gore negore, zviuru zvevashanyi zvinoshanyira chitsuwa ichi gore rose.
Makungwa eSpain
MuSpain tine 3 makungwa uye gungwa rinogumira peninsula. Tine Gungwa reMediterranean, Gungwa reCantabrian, Gungwa reAlboran uye Atlantic Ocean.
Gungwa reMediterranean
Iyi nzvimbo yegungwa ine mvura yakawanda, inomiririra 1% yemvura yegungwa yakazara pasi rose. Vhoriyamu yemvura ari 3.735 miriyoni cubic kilometres uye paavhareji kudzika kwemvura kuri 1430 metres. Iyo ine hurefu hwakazara hwemakiromita 3860 uye nzvimbo yakazara ye2,5 miriyoni mativi emakiromita. Yese aya emvura anoita kuti zvikwanise kushambidza matatu peninsula kumaodzanyemba kweEurope. Aya peninsula ndiyo Iberia Peninsula, iyo Peninsula yeItaly uye iyo Balkan Peninsula. Inogezawo muAsia peninsula inozivikanwa seAnatolia.
Zita reMediterranean rinobva kune vaRoma vekare. Panguva iyoyo yainzi "Mare nostrum" kana kuti "Gungwa Redu." Zita rekuti Mediterranean rinobva kuLatin medi terraneum, zvinoreva kuti pakati penyika. Iri zita rakapihwa nekuda kwekwakabva nzanga, nekuti ivo chete vaiziva nyika yakatenderedza nzvimbo yegungwa iyi. Izvi zvinoita kuti vafunge kuti Mediterranean ndiyo pakati penyika. Iwe unogona kuziva zvakawanda nezve nharaunda iyi uye kukosha kwayo mu kukosha kweMediterranean.
Alboran Gungwa
Izvi zvinogona kuve chinhu chikuru chisingazivikanwe muSpanish mvura, pamwe nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo diki ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mvura. Gungwa reAlboran rinoenderana nenzvimbo yekumadokero kweGungwa reMediterranean uye rakareba makiromita mazana matatu kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero. Iyo yakareba upamhi kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba makiromita zana nemakumi masere. Iyo yepakati kudzika ndeye 180 metres.
Gungwa reCantabrian
Gungwa reCantabrian rakareba makiromita mazana masere uye rine hudzamu hwakanyanya hwemamirioni 800. Iyo yepamusoro tembiricha yemvura inochinja kubva ku11ºC muchando kusvika 22ºC muzhizha. Atlantic Ocean inoshambidza kuchamhembe kwemahombekombe eSpain uye yakanyanyisa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweAtlantic mhenderekedzo yeFrance. Imwe yehunhu hweGungwa reCantabrian ndiyo mhepo ine simba inopfuura pamusoro payo, kunyanya kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Kwakatangira aya mauto kwakaitika muBritish Isles neNorth Sea.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemakungwa akasiyana epasi uye maitiro avo.