Iyo biodiversity ye ecosystem yakakosha pakurwisa kune chero mhando yemamiriro ekunze. Zvisikwa zvine hukuru hwekuchinja kwemajini havana kudzivirirwa pazviitiko zvakaita sekusanaya kwemvura. Izvi zvakasimbiswa nekuda kweongororo yakaitwa nechikwata chepasi rose chevaongorori vakaona izvozvo masango ane zvipenyu zvakawanda Ndivo vanonyanya kurwisa kushushikana kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekusanaya kwemvura, imwe yemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kudzidza pamusoro pezvakasiyana-siyana uye kusanaya kwemvura
Chidzidzo ichi, chakabudiswa mupepanhau Nature Ecology & Evolution, chakaitwa nemasayendisiti kubva kuSpain National Research Council (CSIC), pamwe chete nevatsvakurudzi veDanum Valley Field Center uye Forest Research Center muMalaysia, pamwe neYunivhesiti yeOxford muUnited Kingdom.
Masayendisiti akashandisa mbesa dzemiti inopisa kubva kumasango anonaya mvura eBorneo muchikamu chavo chekutanga chekukura. Pachidzidzo chacho, kuedza kwakaitwa umo mbeu idzi dzakadyarwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana: mune monoculture uye mumisanganiswa yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Mapepa epurasitiki akashandiswa kudzivirira zvirimwa kubva pakunaya uye tevedzera zvikamu zvekusanaya kwemvura izvo zvinowanzoitika panguva yeEl Niño phenomenon.
Seedling mhinduro pakusanaya kwemvura
Mbeu dzakapindura mukusanaya kwemvura zvakanyanya pasi pemamiriro ese, asi kana kusiyana kwaive kwakakwira, kuderera kwekunetseka kwemvura kwakaonekwa kana kuchienzaniswa neavo vari mukurima mumwe. Uku kukwikwidza kwakaderedzwa kwemvura pakati pemiti yakasiyana-siyana kunobvumira kukura kwakadzikama munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Kana iri minda ine mhando imwe chete, Makwikwi ezviwanikwa akakura uye anopedza mvura iripo nekukasira. Zvakawanikwa pachidzidzo ichi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekushandisa nzira dzekutonga dzinoisa pamberi pezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mumasango anogara achinaya mvura, sezvakatsanangurwa mugwara rekuita. Masango sechinhu chakakosha mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Zvigumisiro zvechidzidzo ichi zvinosimbisa kuti zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokurudzira kusimba kwemarudzi emiti yakasiyana-siyana kusvika pakusanaya kwemvura, chokwadi chakakodzera chakapiwa kuti kusanaya kwemvura kunofungidzirwa kuti kunowedzera kuitika mumakore anotevera, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kudikanwa kwekuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zvemasango anogara achinaya mvura pamberi pezvinoitika izvi kunosimbiswazve, sezvakaita kukosha kwekunzwisisa. mhando dzemasango muSpain uye basa rayo mukutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura.
Kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana muhutano hweecosystems
Biodiversity haikoshi chete pakusanaya kwemvura, asi inoitawo basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano hwemhoteredzo yese. Uku kupfuma kwebhayoloji kunobvumira ecosystems kuti igadzirise zvirinani kune shanduko yezvakatipoteredza uye kukanganisa. Kwakakodzera ecosystem manejimendi kwakakosha, sezvakakurukurwa muchinyorwa pamusoro green infrastructure uye kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Semuyenzaniso, masango anogara achinaya mvura ndiwo musha weinopfuura 50% yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi, kunyangwe zvichingovhara chikamu che2% chepasi. Iwo anonyanya kugadzira ecosystem anoita mabasa akakosha, akadai sekugadzirwa kweokisijeni uye kabhoni sequestration, zvichibatsira kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Kurasika kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mumasango aya hakungorevi kufa kwemamwe marudzi, asi kuparara kwenzvimbo yese yezvipenyu, saka zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise. kuchengetedzwa kwekurima sechiito chakakosha mune ino mamiriro.
Uyezve, kusiyana-siyana kwemajini mukati mezvipenyu kunobvumira vamwe kuti vagadzirise zviri nani kumamiriro ekuchinja, akadai sekukwira kwetembiricha uye kuoma, izvo zvine chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kuchengetedza uye manejimendi e masango anodziya Zvinova zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekusimba kwezvipenyu izvi kune zviitiko zvakanyanya zvemamiriro ekunze, sekusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu.
Matanho ekutungamira nekuchengetedza
Zvakawanikwa muongororo iyi zvinoratidza kukosha kwekugadzira manejimendi nekuchengetedza nzira dzinoisa pamberi pezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mumasango anogara achinaya mvura. Aya mazano anosanganisira:
- Ita matanda akasarudzika anoremekedza kusiyana kwemarudzi ari mumasango.
- Shandisa maitiro ekudyara masango anowedzera kusiyana kwemarudzi, pane kudyarazve monocultures.
- Kurudzirai tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekudyidzana pakati pezvipenyu uye kuti dzingakanganiswa sei nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kusanaya kwemvura sedambudziko kune ecosystem
Kuoma kunowanikwa nemasango mazhinji nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze idambudziko rakakura. Kusanaya kwemvura kunokonzera kuderera kwekuwanikwa kwemvura, izvo zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwemiti uye hutano hwese hwesango. Iyi mamiriro ari kunyanya kunetseka mumasango eMediterranean, uko kuwanda uye kusimba kwekusanaya kwemvura kwakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Kubatana pakati pekusanaya kwemvura nekusiyana kwezvipenyu kwakakosha, sezvakaongororwa muchidzidzo che matambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muSpain.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kusanaya kwemvura hakungokanganisa kukura kwemiti chete, asiwo kunokonzeresa mukume uye kubereka kwezvirimwa. Kushaikwa kwemvura panguva dzakaoma dzekukura kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemarudzi, izvo zvinozoderedza kusiyanisa kwezvipenyu uye kugona kwe ecosystem kupora kubva mukukanganisika kweramangwana. Kuti kurwise chiitiko ichi, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti tsvakurudzo pamusoro pema microorganisms matsva inogona kuva kiyi.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti masango akawanda akasiyana-siyana anokwanisa zviri nani kutsungirira mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaipa. Kudyidzana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemiti kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kukanganisa kwekusanaya kwemvura. Semuenzaniso, mamwe marudzi anogona kuwana mvura yakadzika, nepo mamwe anogona kushandisa mvura zvakanyanya, nokudaro achibatsira kugadzikana kwe ecosystem.
Zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti kuvandudza zvipenyu zvemasango hakungodiwa chete pakurarama kwavo, asiwo kwakakosha kune hutano hwepasi. Kutarisira kwakaringana zviwanikwa zvemasango, tichitarisa kusiyana-siyana sechinhu chemukati, kunogona kubatsira mukugadzira zvisikwa zvakasimba uye zvakagadzikana.
