Kuti vazvitungamirire munyika, munhu akagadzira mepu. Mapoinzi anoshandiswa pamepu anobatsira kumisa nzira nenzvimbo dzekutarisa. Aya mareferenzi anozivikanwa se cardinal points. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti chii mavambo emakadhinari, ndiani akazvisika uye kuti zvinobatsira sei.
Nokudaro, munyaya ino tichakuudza nezvekwakabva kwekadhiiniti, maitiro avo uye zvinobatsira.
Ndeapi mapoinzi emakadhi
Idzi pfungwa ina kana gwara dzinozivikanwa semakadhinari mapoinzi uye inobvumira kutaridzika kwenzvimbo pamepu kana chero nzvimbo yepasi penyika muCartesian reference frame.
Mapoinzi makuru anoti Mabvazuva (E), Madokero (W), Maodzanyemba (N) neMaodzanyemba (S). Mabvazuva inoreva nzvimbo inofungidzirwa yepasi panobuda zuva zuva rega rega; pakatarisana namavirazuva, panovira zuva mazuva ose; Kumaodzanyemba ndiko pamusoro peekisiso yePasi, uye Maodzanyemba ndiko kuzasi kweakisi yePasi. Muchokwadi, kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve chinzvimbo chezuva, unogona kutarisa chinyorwa chedu panobuda zuva.
Izvi zvinogadzira matemo maviri, Mabvazuva-Madokero neMaodzanyemba-Maodzanyemba, ane mapoinzi epakati: Maodzanyemba kwaMadokero (NW), Maodzanyemba kwaMaodzanyemba (NE), Maodzanyemba kwaMadokero (SW) neMaodzanyemba kwaMaodzanyemba (SE), anozivikanwa semadiki mapoinzi. Iyo "Wind Rose" inotorwa kubva mukushanda kwejometri uye yakashandiswa mukufambisa pamwe nekambasi kubva kare. Kana iwe uchida kufamba nechikepe, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge nezvazvo kambasi yakasimuka.
Mazita emapoinzi mana anobva kuGerman: Nordri (Kuchamhembe), Sudri (Maodzanyemba), Austri (East) uye Vestri (Kumadokero), kubva kungano dzeGerman. Aya mazwi achangobva kuumbwa uye akabatanidzwa mune mimwe mitauro kubvira asati adaidzwa neSpanish: Maodzanyemba kana Boreal (Maodzanyemba), Meridion kana Austral (Maodzanyemba), Mabvazuva, Levant kana Nascent (Kumabvazuva) uye Madokero kana Madokero (Madokero).
Kune chikamu chayo, izwi rekuti cardus rinobva kune rechiLatin izwi cardus, iro raive zita rechiRoma rekutungamira axis, kazhinji kuchamhembe-maodzanyemba, kwavakavaka nayo misasa yemauto nemaguta. Saka izwi rekuti "mukuru" rinoitika kana rasvika kune chimwe chinhu chepakati kana chakakosha.
Mutsika dzokuMadokero dzakasiana-siana, mativi mana akabatanidzwa mune dzimwe fungidziro nemifungo yechisiko, achiabatanidza nezvinhu zvina (mvura, pasi, moto, mhepo), mwaka mina (zhizha, matsutso, matsutso, chando), iyo ina. miviri yemvura (ropa, yero bile, dema bile uye phlegm), nezvimwe.
Mavambo emakadhinari mapoinzi
Munhoroondo yese, tsika dzakasiyana dzakapa akasiyana maitiro uye zviratidzo kune imwe neimwe nzira inomiririrwa neazimuthal mapoinzi, ayo anoumbawo chinomiririra uye mativi makuru ekambasi, aya ndiwo anozivikanwa kumabvazuva, kumadokero, kuchamhembe, maodzanyemba uye aya mafambiro anoita. mana madhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe. Iyo angle, iyo yakakamurwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva ne bisector mukuchinjana ... Kana tikadzokorora kushanda kwakafanana, tichawana mhepo yakasimuka, iyo yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukufamba kubva kare, uye ichafukidza mativi 32 makuru ekufamba pamusoro penyika.
Mazita emakadhi mapoinzi ndeechiGerman mabviro (Nordri = kuchamhembe, Sudri = maodzanyemba, Austri = kumabvazuva, Vestri = kumadokero, maererano nengano dzeScandinavia) uye achangobva kuiswa muchiSpanish nemimwe mitauro yakabva. Ratini. Pakutanga, zita renzvimbo yekutanga raive muchiSpanish:
- Chamhembe kana Boreal kuchamhembe.
- Meridion kana Austral yekuMaodzanyemba
- Levante (uye kubuda kwezuva) kumabvazuva kana kumabvazuva.
- Kumadokero, kana Poniente (kuvira kwezuva) kumadokero.
Izwi rokuti masikati rinorevawo matunhu ekumaodzanyemba kwenyika dzekuchamhembe kwenyika, kunyanya Italy (Mezzogiorno) ne France (Midi), chaizvo nekuti matunhu aya ari kudivi rezuva masikati zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika.
Dzimwe nhoroondo
Pane 4 nzira dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri, dzine chekuita nekwaienda mhepo kana kuti mambakwedza. VaGiriki vekare vakashandisa 4 points, inoenderana nemhepo yekuchamhembe, yekumaodzanyemba, yekumabvazuva uye yekumavirira. Mhepo machati akaonekwa pamepu dzakapoteredza 1300, kunyanya kuratidza kwaienda mhepo. Nekufamba kwenguva, yakave yakajairika rubatsiro rwekuratidza mafambiro pamepu. Vafambisi vezvikepe vemarudzi ekare vaishandisa kambasi kuti vazvitungamirire mugungwa uye vaingoona mvura yakavapoteredza.
Chokwadika, kare vanhu vaipa nzira zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenyeredzi kana kuti kwainoenda mhepo, asi kududzwa kwenzvimbo dzokutsika kwaiita kuti kufamba mugungwa kuve nyore. Parizvino, iyo Compass Rose inogona chete kuratidzwa mune 4 kana kupfuura ekutarisa. Vamwe vane 8, vamwe 16 uye vamwe kusvika 32. Compass, chiridzwa chinodiwa chekutarisa.
Utility uye kushandiswa kwemakadhinari mapoinzi
Sezviri pachena, kushandiswa kukuru kwemabearings kutungamirira vanhu. Chinhu chakanaka pamusoro peizvi ndechekuti ndeyepasi rose mune zvakasikwa: mepu kana kuti kambasi zvinokwana kuona kuchamhembe munzvimbo ipi neipi yenyika, ungave uri kuSiberia kana kuParis. Izvi zvaikosha pakuvandudzwa kwezvokufambisa uye zvokutengeserana munhau yose.
Kune vafambisi vezvikepe vekare, kuziva nzira kwakavabvumira kuongorora uye kusvika kunzvimbo dzisingazivikanwe. Asi hapasi nguva dzose mepu, kambasi kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoratidza azimuth. Iri rakanga riri dambudziko rakajairika zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura, saka vanhu vakakwanisa kurigadzirisa. Izvi zvakaitwa nemamirire ezuva. Kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pedyo neequator, Mambo weZuva anowanzo simuka kumabvazuva uye anogara kumadokero. Uchiziva kero yavo, unogona kuziva dzimwe kero.
Kuzvifambisa sei mumunda
Sezvataona, pane makadhiina mapoinzi mana. Kuti tizvitungamirire, tinofanira kuziva imwe yeiyi pfungwa huru, uye zuva richatibatsira kuita kudaro, sezvo richigara richibuda kumabvazuva uye richinyura kumadokero. Kuti utarise kuzuva, unofanira kuyambuka maoko ako, ruoko rwako rworudyi rwakatarira kunobuda zuva, kuti uzive kuti kuchamhembe ndiko mberi kwako, zasi ndiko shure kwako, uye kumadokero ndiko kuruboshwe rwako. Kana iwe ukanyatsotarisisa panobuda zuva mangwanani ega ega, iwe unozoziva nzira yekuwana nzira yako chero paPasi.
Miti inotibatsirawo kuzvitungamira. Kana tichienda kumunda, tinoziva kune kuchamhembe nekutarisa muti, nokuti divi rehunde rakatarisa kuchamhembe rine moss yakawanda uye rine mwando. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha kune avo vanopinda musango vasina midziyo yekufambisa.
Kambasi yakaita denderedzwa sewachi, uye panzvimbo penhamba ine mavara ekutanga emakadhi mapoinzi netsono inogara yakanongedza kuchamhembe. GPS inzira yekufambisa inoshanda ichishandisa masatelliti anotenderera Pasi uye anotiudza patiri. Nharembozha dzine GPS, uye kana tikatarisa mwedzi uri mudenga uye uri kukwira (D-shaped), muromo wayo unonongedza kumabvazuva. Kana mwedzi uri kupera (C-shaped), muromo wayo unonongedza kumadokero.
