Munhau, tinogara tichiona kuti mazaya echando ari kupera nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. A glacier ihombe huru yechando yakamanikidzwa inoumba pamusoro pezviuru zvemakore. Icho chinhu chinotora nguva yakareba kudaro kuvaka uye chiri kunyangarika mune imwe nyaya yemakumi emakore. Mazaya echando ane akaomarara masimba ekudzidza uye akakosha kwazvo pasi.
Ungada here kuziva zvese zvine chekuita neglaciers uye kukosha kwavanazvo?
Hunhu hwechando
Sezvambotaurwa, chando chinoungana gore rimwe nerimwe muzvikamu. Aya matanda anomanikidzwa nehuremu hwavo uye chiito chegiravhiti. Kunyangwe chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvakakura kwazvo pasi pano, glaciers anofamba. Ivo vanokwanisa kuyerera zvishoma nezvishoma senzizi uye kupfuura pakati pemakomo. Neichi chikonzero, kune mamwe mafomu emakomo ayo akagadzirwa kubva mukufamba kwechando.
Nekudziya kwepasirese, kuvapo kwemazaya echando iri kuderera zvakanyanya. Iwo sosi huru yemvura yakachena papasi, pamwe nenzizi nemadhamu. Glacier inoonekwa sevhenekeri yeiyo yekupedzisira Ice Age. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kunyangwe hazvo tembiricha yakakwira, haina kunyungudika. Ivo vave vachikwanisa kuzvichengetedza pachavo kwezviuru zvemakore uye kuzadzikisa kwavo kwese basa. Pakapera Ice Age, tembiricha dzakakwirira munzvimbo dzakaderera dzakakonzera kuti inyunguduke. Mushure mekushaikwa kwavo, vasiya nzvimbo dzinoyevedza senge mipata yakaumbwa seU.
Nhasi tinogona kuwana echando mumakomo emakondinendi ese, kunze kweAustralia. Tinogona zvakare kuwana echando pakati pematanho 35 ° kuchamhembe uye 35 ° kumaodzanyemba. Kunyangwe echando zvinongoonekwa chete mu Rocky Mountains, muAndes, muHimalaya, muNew Guinea, Mexico, East Africa uye paGomo Zard Kuh (Iran). Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve Argentina's glaciers, unogona kushanyira chinyorwa chedu mazaya echando muArgentina.
Kana isu tikawedzera kumusoro kwemazaya echando ari munyika, ivo vanoumba 10% yenzvimbo yepasi rose. Mushure mezvidzidzo zvakawanda, zvakagumiswa kuti 99% yemazaya echando anogadzirwa neaizi mashiti kubva kune ese ari maviri hemispheres. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mhute yemvura iri mumhepo inofamba pasi rose. Mazaya echando kubva kune ese ari maviri hemispheres anogona kuwanikwa muAntarctica neGreenland kunyanya. Uyezve, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kupisa kwepasi pose iri kuisa miviri mikuru iyi yechando panjodzi huru.
Glacier simba
Mazaya echando anowanzo gadzira munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemakomo uye munzvimbo dzinopora. Kuti glacier igadzire, tembiricha yakaderera inodiwa gore rese uye kunaya kuri muchando. Munguva dzinodziya, iyo chando chakaunganidzwa chinotanga kunyungudika uye chinofamba chichiyambuka chando kusvika pasi. Kana mvura yemvura ikaungana pazasi pechando, inomhanya nemukati mayo nenzira yekurereka. Uku kufamba kwemvura yemvura kunokonzera kuti girazi rose rifambe.
Makomo echando emakomo anonzi alpine glaciers uye iwo ematanda mazaya echando. Pavanoburitsa meltwater nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya munguva yekudziya, vanogadzira miviri yemvura yakakosha kumaruva nemhuka. Mukuwedzera, mataundi maduku akawanda anowaniswa mvura inobva mumazaya echando. Mvura iri mumakomo echando yakaita seyakanyanya kuchengeterwa mvura yakachena pasi pano. Iine zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zveizvi, kupfuura nzizi nemadziva. Kana iwe uchida kupinda zvakadzika mumusoro wenyaya, tarisa chinyorwa chedu pa Arctic glaciers uye kuti vanokanganiswa sei nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kudzidziswa
Girazi rinotanga kuumbika kana chando chichiwira chichienderera uye chichigara chakagadzikana mukati megore Kana sinou yadonha ikasanyungudika mumwaka unodziya, inoramba yakatsiga kune rimwe gore. Kana mwaka unotonhora watanga, sinou inotevera inodonha inoiswa pamusoro, ichiisa uremu pairi uye ichigadzira imwe nhurikidzwa. Mushure mekufamba kunoteedzana kwemakore, macompact echando akaturikidzana anoumba glacier anowanikwa
Snowflakes inowira pamakomo uye inoramba ichimanikidza zvakapfuura zvikamu. Kudzvinyirirwa kunoita kuti ivheneke zvakare, sezvo mweya uri pakati pemakristasi unodzikira. Makristasi echando ari kuwedzera kukura. Izvi zvinoita kuti chando chikochekeredzane uye chiwedzere kuwanda kwayo. Pane imwe nguva painopedza kuunganidza, kudzvanywa kwehuremu hweaizi ndiko kuti inotanga kutsvedza ichidzika. Aya ndiwo maumbirwo emhando yerwizi runoyerera nemubani.
Girazi rinosvika pakuenzana kana huwandu hwechando hunochengetwa hwakaenzana hunyungudika. Nenzira iyi, inogona kuramba iri mukugadzikana kumwe kwenguva yakareba. Kana iwe ukaiongorora zvizere, iwe unogona kuona izvo pamusoro pemutsara wepakati, iwe unowana kuwanda kupfuura zvaunorasikirwa uye pazasi iwe unorasikirwa kupfuura iwe zvaunowana. Kuti glacier ive muyero yakakwana anopfuura makore zana anogona kupfuura.
Zvikamu zvegirazi
Girazi rakagadzirwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana.
- Kuunganidza nzvimbo. Ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro soro panowira chando uye inoungana.
- Nzvimbo yekudzorera. Munharaunda ino maitiro ekubatanidza uye kubuda kwemhepo kunoitika. Ndipo pane iyo glacier inosvika pachiyero pakati pekuwedzera uye kurasikirwa kwemahombe.
- Kutsemuka. Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzinoyerera chando nekukurumidza.
- Moraines. Aya ndiwo mabhande erima anoumbwa nezvidimbu zvinoumba pamacheto nemusoro. Matombo anodhonzwa nechando anochengetwa uye kuumbwa munzvimbo idzi.
- Chiteshi. Ndiwo mugumo wezasi weaizi apo chando chakaunganidzwa chinonyunguduka.
Mhando dzechando
Zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye mamiriro ekuumbwa, kune akasiyana marudzi echando.
- Alpine glacier. Sezvambotaurwa, ndeavo akaumbwa mumakomo marefu.
- Glacier circus. Iwo mafomu eresrescent uko mvura inoungana.
- Makungwa echando. Izvo zvinoumbwa kuburikidza nemvura inoiswa munzvimbo dzegwacial valley.
- Glacier mupata. Iko kuumbwa kwe geological kunokonzerwa nekuenderera kwekukura kwekuita kwerurimi rwechando chechando. Kureva kuti, nharaunda yese inotsvedza echando inoumbwa uye inotora maumbirwo. Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyi geological kuumbwa mune chinyorwa nezve glacier valley.
Kune zvekare mamwe marudzi asinganyanyozivikanwa echando akadai se Inlandsis, Drumlins, Kucherwa kweMakungwa, Foothill Glacier uye Hanging Glacier.
Glaciers akaomeswa mafomu echisikigo ane akaomarara muyero uye rakakosha basa kune zvipenyu.
