Kubva panguva dzekare, vanhu vakatsvaga nzira dzekunyatsoona nzvimbo yavo papasi. Kuti uite izvi, kusikwa kwemitsara yekufungidzira yakadai se meridians zvave zvakakosha. Muchirevo ichi, the reference meridian, inonzi futi zero meridian, yakaita basa rinokosha pakuyerwa kweurefu uye marongerwo enyika.
Iyi yazvino referensi meridian ndiyo Greenwich Meridian, iyo yakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo muzana remakore rechi19. Kugadzwa kwayo kwakabvumira kumisikidzwa kwemepu uye kugadzirwa kweiyo nguva dzenguva, kufambisa zvakanyanya kufamba uye kutengeserana kwenyika. Asi Greenwich yakava sei nzvimbo inotarirwa pasi rose? Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nhoroondo yayo, kukosha kwayo uye zvimwe zvekuda kuziva zvine chekuita neiyi meridian.
Chii chinonzi Greenwich meridian?
El Greenwich Meridian Iro mutsara wekufungidzira unobatanidza North Pole with the Maodzanyemba Pole uye anoyambuka Royal Observatory, Greenwich muLondon, United Kingdom. Inozivikanwa se 0° meridian, sezvo ichishandiswa kuyera longitudes kumabvazuva nekumadokero kwepasi.
Isati yatorwa zviri pamutemo, pakanga paine akawanda mareferenzi meridians aishandiswa munyika dzakasiyana, izvo zvakagadzira matambudziko mukufamba nekutengesa. Kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu aya, in 1884 yakaitwa International Meridian Conference muWashington DC, uko vamiriri ve Nyika dze25 Vakasarudza kuti meridian ichipfuura nemuRoyal Observatory, Greenwich, yaizova meridian yepasi rose.
Nhoroondo yereferensi meridians
Pamberi peGreenwich, nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakarongwa senzvimbo dzekutarisa pakuyera longitudo. Vakuru vagadziri vematuro y vafambisi vezvikepe Vaimboshandisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekutangira, senge Paris, Roma uye kunyange Jerusarema. Imwe yedzakanyanya kushandiswa muEurope yaive meridian yeEl Hierro, mu Canary Islands, iyo yakanga yatangwa muzana remakore rechi17.
Nekudaro, nekuwedzera kweiyo British Empire uye kukosha kwekutengeserana kwemugungwa, Greenwich yakava nzvimbo inokosha inotarirwa. Mu International Meridian Musangano we1884 Kudikanwa kwekubatanidza chirevo chepasi rose kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika kwakasimudzwa. Sarudzo yeGreenwich sezero meridian yakafambiswa neBritish hegemony mukufambisa nekutengesa panguva iyoyo.
Kukosha kweGreenwich meridian
El Greenwich Meridian kwete chete anoshanda se geographical reference, asi yakakoshawo pakutsanangura iyo nguva dzenguva. Kubva pane iyi meridian, Nyika yakakamurwa kuita 24 nguva nzvimbo de 15° kureba chimwe nechimwe, nokudaro kuchigadzira gadziriro yenguva yepasi rose.
Mukuwedzera, Greenwich yakashanda sehwaro hwekusikwa kwe Greenwich inoreva nguva (GMT), iyo kusvika 1972 yaive chiyero chepasi rose. Nhasi, iyo GMT yakatsiviwa ne Yakarongedzwa Universal Nguva (UTC), iyo inoshandisa maatomu wachi kunyatsojeka.
Sei iyo GPS system inoshandisa imwe meridian?
Zvinofadza, iyo system GPS (Global Positioning System) haishandise iyo chaiyo sereferensi yayo yekutanga. Pane kudaro, shandisa iyo International Reference Meridian (MRI), iyo iri pedyo 102 metres kumabvazuva kubva kuGreenwich meridian.
Kuchinja uku kunokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti masatellite eGPS anoshandisa hurongwa hwe inoronga kunyatsojeka, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso mukuyera kwechinyakare chenyeredzi. Musiyano wacho mudiki uye unobata chete zviyero zvakanyatsojeka, asi zvinoita mutsauko unooneka muzvidzidzo. geodesic.
Nyika dzinopfuura nepakati peGreenwich meridian
El Greenwich Meridian Inoyambuka nyika dzakawanda kubva kuchamhembe ichienda kumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- United Kingdom -Kumba kweRoyal Greenwich Observatory.
- France - Inoyambuka matunhu akasiyana enyika.
- España - Inopfuura nekumabvazuva kweIberian Peninsula.
- Algeria - Ramba uchipfuura neNorth Africa.
- Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo y Ghana – Inoyambuka nyika dzemuAfrica idzi isati yasvika kuGulf of Guinea.
Mukuwedzera, the meridian inotevera nzira yayo kuenda ku Antarctica, kuyambuka Atlantic Ocean neSouth Pole.
El Greenwich Meridian Izvo zvave zvakakosha pakufamba, cartography uye kuyera nguva. Kugamuchirwa kwayo kwakabvumira kumisikidzwa kweiyo geographic coordinates uye yakagadzira hwaro hweiyo nguva zone system yatinoshandisa nhasi. Kunyangwe iyo GPS yakagadzirisa chirevo chayo kune imwe meridian yakati siyanei, Greenwich inoramba iri nzvimbo yakakosha yekufambisa. geography and the nhau zvevanhu.
