Mhando dzedombo, kuumbwa uye hunhu

Nhasi tiri kuzotaura nezve geology musoro wenyaya. Ndezve mhando dzematombo izvo zviripo. Kubva pakaumbwa nyika yedu, mamirioni ematombo uye zvicherwa zvakaumbwa. Zvichienderana nekwakatangira uye yavo mhando yekudzidziswa, kune akati wandei mhando. Matombo ese epasi anogona kuiswa mumapoka makuru matatu: igneous matombo, sedimentary matombo uye metamorphic matombo.

Kana iwe uchida kuziva ese marudzi ematombo aripo, maitiro avo ekuumbwa uye maitiro, iyi ndiyo yako post 

Sedimentary matombo

Ngatitangei nekutsanangura sedimentary matombo. Kuumbwa kwayo kunokonzerwa nekutakura uye kuiswa kwezvinhu nekuda kwe kuita kwemhepo, mvura nechando. Vanogonawo kunge vakaiswa mumakemikari kubva kune imwe aqueous fluid. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinhu izvi zvinoungana kuti zvigadzire dombo. Nokudaro, sedimentary matombo anoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda.

Nekudaro, sedimentary matombo akapatsanurwa kuita anosemesa uye asiri ekukuvadza

Detrital sedimentary matombo

Idzi ndidzo dzinogadzirwa kubva mukunyura kwezvimedu zvemamwe matombo mushure mekutakurwa kare. Zvichienderana nesaizi yezvimedu zvedombo, zvinoonekwa neimwe nzira. Kana zvanzi zvidimbu akakura kupfuura 2 mm uye yakatenderedzwa inonzi maconglomerates. Kune rimwe divi, kana ari angular anonzi mapundu.

Kana zvidimbu zvinoumba dombo zvakasununguka, zvinodaidzwa kuti mavhu. Iwe pamwe wakambonzwa nezveguruva. Rini madiki pane 2mm uye akakura kupfuura 0,6mmndiko kuti, neziso rakashama kunyangwe kana neine microscope yekuona ivo vanonzi sandstones. Kana zvidimbu zvinoumba dombo zviri zvidiki zvekuti tinoda maikorosikopu yeelectron, zvinonzi masileti nevhu.

Nhasi, matombo anoshandiswa seakaunganidzwa mukuvaka uye kugadzira kongiri. Conglomerates uye sandstones anoshandiswa pakugara kwavo mukuvaka. Clays anoshandiswa muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye nemishonga uye cosmetic zvinangwa. Izvo zvinoshandiswawo pakuvaka zvidhinha uye ceramics. Zvimiro zvavo zvekudzivirira mvura zvinovaita kuti vakwanise kutora zvinosvibisa uye kusefa muindasitiri. Anoshandiswa semidziyo yakabikwa pakuvaka madziro eadobe nemadhaka uye kugadzira midziyo yechinyakare, yevhu, uye porcelain.

Asiri-anokanganisa sedimentary matombo

Aya marudzi ematombo anoumbwa ne kunaya kwemamwe macomputer makemikari mune aqueous mhinduro. Zvimwe zvinhu zve organic organic zvinogona kuunganidzwa kuti zviumbe matombo aya. Imwe yematombo anozivikanwa uye anozivikanwa erudzi urwu iremestone. Iyo inoumbwa kuburikidza nekunaya kwecalcium carbonate kana kuunganidzwa kwemabhonzo ezvimedu zvemakorari, ostracods uye gastropods.

Zvakajairika kuona zvidimbu zvemafossili murudzi urwu rwematombo. Muenzaniso wedombo rerimestone ndeye calcareous. Iri ibwe rine huni uye rine miti yakawanda yakasara uye inotangira munzizi apo calcium carbonate inodonha pane zvinomera.

Mumwe muenzaniso wakajairika ndeye dolomites. Izvo zvakasiyana kubva kune zvakapfuura mukuti vane kemikari yakagadzirwa nepamusoro ye magnesium content. Kana mateko ezvipenyu akaumbwa nesilika akaungana, matombo ematombo anogadzirwa.

Kune zvakare mhando yedombo mukati meisina-kukuvadza evaporitic mafoni. Izvi zvinoumbwa kuburikidza nekupwa kwemvura munzvimbo dzemumakungwa uye mumatope kana mumadhamu. Dombo rinonyanya kukosha muboka iri igypsum. Izvo zvinoumbwa kuburikidza nekunaya kwe calcium sulfate.

Limestone rinoshandiswa mukugadzira simende uye lime pakuvaka. Izvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kumadziro uye kufukidza pasi kwezvivakwa. Marasha nemafuta imhando yedombo risingakanganisi sedimentary organogenic mafoni. Zita ravo rinobva mukuunganidzirwa kwezvinhu zvehupenyu uye zvisaririra zvayo. Nepo marasha anobva pazvisaririra zvezvirimwa, petroleum inobva mugungwa plankton. Ivo vane kufarira kukuru kwehupfumi nekuda kwekukosha kwavo kwekoriori yekugadzira simba kuburikidza nekupisa.

Igneous matombo

Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwechipiri rwedombo. Izvo zvinogadzirwa nekutonhora kwe huwandu hwemvura yesilicate yakagadzirwa ichibva mukati mePasi. Iyo simbi yakanyungudutswa iri pane yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha uye inosimbisa kana yasvika pamusoro penyika. Zvichienderana nekwavanotonhorera, ivo vanopa mhando mbiri dzematombo.

Plutonic matombo

Izvi zvinotangira kana hura hwemvura hwatonhora pasi pechiso chenyika. Ndokunge, kuiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakadzika, izvo zvicherwa mukati zvinokura pamwe chete. Izvi zvinokonzera dense, isina-porous matombo kuti aumbe. Iko kutonhora kwehukuru hwemvura kunononoka, saka makristasi anogona kunge akakurisa.

Imwe yematombo anozivikanwa erudzi urwu ndeye girenayiti. Iyo inoumbwa nemusanganiswa wequartz, feldspar uye mica minerals. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chikamu ichi, tinokurudzira kuti ushanyire chinyorwa chedu pa plutonic matombo.

Makomo anoputika

Mhando iyi inoumbwa panokwira hura hwemvura huchienda kunze kwepasi pevhu ndokutonhora ipapo. Aya ndiwo matombo anoumba apo mabota anobva kumakomo anopora akadzikiswa kudzikisa tembiricha uye kumanikidza. Makristaro mumatombo aya madiki uye ane amorphous uncrystallized girazi-senge chinhu.

Imwe yeakajairika uye nyore kuona iwo basalts uye pumice. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve rudzi urwu rwedombo, unogona kubvunza iyo post nezve igneous matombo.

Metamorphic matombo

Aya matombo anogadzirwa kubva kumatombo agara aripo uye anoenda kupisa uye kumanikidza kunowedzera nemaitiro egeological. Kugadziridzwa kwakatambudzwa nemhando idzi dzematombo kunoita kuti vachinje maitiro avo uye zvicherwa. Iyi metamorphic maitiro inoitika mune yakasimba mamiriro. Dombo harifanirwe kunge rakaumbwa.

Mazhinji metamorphic matombo anoratidzirwa neyakajairwa flattening yemaminerari avo, izvo zvinoita kuti dombo riite flatten uye laminated. Mhedzisiro iyi inonzi foliation. Kana iwe uchida kupinda zvakadzama mumusoro wenyaya, usazeza kushanyira chinyorwa pa Metamorphic matombo.

Matombo anozivikanwa zvakanyanya slate, marble, quartzite, gneiss, uye schists.

Unotoziva zvirinani mhando dzematombo aripo uye maitiro avo ekuumbwa. Iye zvino yave nguva yako yekuenda kumunda uye unoziva kuti ndeapi matombo auri kuona uye fungisisa maitiro avo uye maitiro ekuumbwa.