Isu takajaira kuti mhuka dzedu dzinovaraidza dzine tarisiro yehupenyu ingangoita makore 5-20. Zvisinei, muzvisikwa kune mhuka dzine upenyu hurefu zvikuru. The mhuka dzinorarama kwenguva refu munyika vane makore anopfuura 100 uye vanoshamisa zvechokwadi.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti ndedzipi mhuka dzakararama kwenguva refu munyika uye maitiro avo.
Mhuka dzekare pasi rose
Asingafi jellyfish
Turritopsis nutrica, inowanzozivikanwa se immortal jellyfish, chisikwa chinoshamisa chinowanikwa mugungwa reCaribbean. Pasinei nehukuru hwayo, husingapfuuri 5 mm, mhuka iyi ine unyanzvi hunoshamisa hunoisiyanisa kubva kune dzimwe dzose. Iyo ine zita rekuva nehupenyu hurefu hwehupenyu hwese hunozivikanwa paPasi, huchiita kuti ive isingafe. Kurarama kwenguva refu kwejellyfish kunokatyamadza uye kunosimbisa chimiro chayo sechimwe chezvisikwa zvinoshamisa kwazvo panyika yedu.
Mhinduro yekuti nei uchirarama kwenguva yakareba sezvaunogara iri mukukwanisa kwako kudzoreredza kuchembera. Yakashongedzerwa genetically, inogona kudzokera kune yayo polyp fomu, kunyanya kusimba uye kutanga patsva, sekunge munhu ave mucheche zvakare. Pasina kupokana, jellyfish iyi inobata zita rekuve rekare rinorarama panyika.
masiponji egungwa
Pasinei nekunaka kwazvo, masiponji emugungwa anowanzo kukanganiswa nezvinomera, kunyangwe mazuva ano. Izvi zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvinogona kuwanikwa mumakungwa pasi rose uye zvinobudirira mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanyisa, kusanganisira kutonhora kwechando uye kudzika kunosvika 5.000 metres. Masiponji akanga asiri iwo chete zvisikwa zvipenyu zvekutanga kusiyana, zvichishanda semadzisekuru ehupenyu hwese hwemhuka, asi zvakare anoita basa rakakosha mukuchenesa mvura kuburikidza nekusefa.
Maponji emugungwa, pasina kupokana, ane zita rekuti zvisikwa zvipenyu zvakareba kupfuura zvese panyika yedu. Izvi mhuka dzinoshamisa dzave dziripo kwemakore anopfuura mamiriyoni 542. Sezvineiwo, mamwe masiponji emugungwa akapfuura nhanho inoshamisa yemakore 10.000 13.000; Chembere inozivikanwa inonzi Scolymastra joubini inofungidzirwa kuti yakararama makore anokatyamadza XNUMX. Chakavanzika chehurefu hwayo hunoshamisa huri mukunonoka kwayo kukura uye kufarira kwayo nzvimbo dzemvura inotonhora.
Iceland Clam
Sezvineiwo, boka renyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu rakagumburwa pazvakawanwa kuti Iceland clam (Artica islandica) ine zita rokuva mollusk yekare kwazvo iripo. Ichi chakazarurwa chakaitika panguva yekuongororwa kwe "Ming", yakarumbidzwa seyakakura pasi rose clam, ane hupenyu hwake Yakapera kamwe kamwe pazera rinoshamisa remakore 507 nekuda kwekushata kwakashata kwakakonzerwa nemumwe wevacherechedzi. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinosimbisa nyaya youpenyu inoshamisa yemhuka idzi dzinonakidza.
Anenge makore manomwe mushure mekuwanikwa kweAmerica naChristopher Columbus, panguva yedzinza reMing, iyi mollusk ingadai yakaonekwa.
greenland shark
Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), iyo inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakadzika dzeAntarctic, Pacific neArctic oceans, ine hunhu hwakasiyana: inochinjika skeletal kuumbwa. Ichi chisikwa chinoshamisa chinogona kukura kusvika kuhurefu hunoshamisa hwemamita manomwe. Pasinei nehukuru hwayo hunokatyamadza uye hunhu hwekudyisa, mhuka iyi yaita rombo rakanaka kunzvenga tsika dzevanhu dzekuparadza, inogara kunzvimbo dziri kure dzisingawanzoshanyirwa nemabipeds.
Chisikwa chisingawanzoitiki uye chisingawaniki, Greenland shark inoramba isingazivikanwe kuruzhinji. Zvisinei, boka revatsvakurudzi munguva pfupi yapfuura rakazivisa kuwanikwa kwomumwe munhu akakurumbira murudzi urwu, uyo anonzi akasvika zera rinokatyamadza remakore 392. Kana zvikasimbiswa, kuwanikwa uku kunoshamisa kwaizosimbisa Greenland shark semhuka yekare kwazvo pasirese.
bowhead whale
Bowhead whale ( Balaena mysticetus ) inomira pachena nokuda kwemavara ayo ebony anoyevedza, kunze kwechirebvu chayo, chine inzwi jena rinoshamisa. Vanhurume vanogona kusvika pakureba kunokatyamadza kwemamita gumi nemana kusvika gumi nemanomwe, nepo vakadzi vanogona kukura zvakatokura, kusvika pakati pegumi nematanhatu negumi nemasere. Pasina kupokana, ichi chisikwa chakanakisa ihofori yechokwadi, huremu hunoshamisa hwematani 75 kusvika ku100. Pamusoro pezvo, bowhead whale ine musiyano wekuve chimwe chezvisikwa zvakararama kwenguva refu, nehupenyu hunogona kusvika kumakore mazana maviri negumi nerimwe.
Upenyu hunoshamisa hwewhale iyi yakabata masayendisiti, kunyanya kushamisa kwayo kuramba gomarara. Pasinei nekuva nemasero akawanda zvakapetwa kane chiuru kupfuura vanhu, haadi kuita zvinobvira uye haabatwi. Kurarama kwenguva refu uku kunoshanda sehumbowo hwekupesana. Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweiyo whale's genetic code, vaongorori vakawana kuti ichi chisikwa chakanakisa chakagadzira nzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa kwete chete kuzvidzivirira kubva kugomarara, asiwo kurwisa akasiyana neurodegenerative, moyo uye metabolic zvirwere.
Koi carp
Iyo yakajairika carp inosimudza kune inodikamwa uye yakakosha hove yemudhamu inozivikanwa sekoi carp (Cyprinus carpio), iyo inobata nzvimbo yakakosha mumoyo yevanofarira pasirese, kunyanya muAsia. Mhuka iyi inokosheswa Icho chibereko chekuchenjerera kubereka kwevanhu vakasarudzwa.
Kazhinji, Koi carp ine hupenyu hweanenge makore makumi matanhatu. Nekudaro, pakanga paine imwe yakasarudzika Koi carp yainzi "Hanako" yakapfuura zvese zvinotarisirwa uye yakararama kusvika kuzera rinoshamisa re60 makore. Nyaya iyi muenzaniso wekurarama kwenguva refu mumhuka inokatyamadza vakawanda.
Giant Red Bristle
Ichi chisikwa chinoshamisa chine dhayamita ingangoita masendimita makumi maviri uye chakashongedzwa nemizongoza inogona kusvika masendimita masere pakureba. Saizvozvo, Iine zita rekuti ndiyo hombe yegungwa iriko. Chikafu chayo chinonyanyo sanganisira algae uye inozivikanwa kuva inodya zvisingaite.
Iyo giant red hedgehog haina kungomira kunze kwehukuru hwayo uye musana, asiwo nehupenyu hwayo hunoshamisa, sezvo inokwanisa kurarama kusvika mazana maviri emakore.
Galapagos hofori kamba
Nyanzvi dzinofunga nezveGalapagos giant tortoise (Chelonoidis spp) kuti ive nemhando gumi dzakasiyana dzine hukama hwepedyo kune mumwe nemumwe zvekuti dzinowanzoonekwa se subspecies.
Boka rezvitsuwa rine mukurumbira rinogara kune idzi kamba hombe dzinoyevedza, dzakasiyana nenzvimbo iyi. Izvi zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvine hupenyu hunoshamisa, hunobva pakati pemakore 150 ne200. Kurarama kwenguva refu kwekamba idzi kunogona kufananidzwa nekwedzimwe mhuka dzakararama kwenguva refu kwazvo pasi rose.
The Atlantic wachi
Iyo Atlantic clockfish ( Hoplostethus atlanticus ) inogona kuwanikwa mumakungwa ose enyika. Nekudaro, inowanzogara munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzinenge 900 metres pazasi pepamusoro, saka hazviwanzo kuoneka kwatiri.
Zvinoshamisa, ichi chinoshamisa Atlantic wachi, iyo Yakasvika pakureba ingangoita 75 cm uye yairema makirogiramu manomwe, Aiva nesimba rinoshamisa rekurarama makore anosvika zana nemakumi mashanu. Upenyu hwakareba zvakadaro hunoshamisa zvechokwadi kuhove dzemarudzi ayo!
Tuatara
Kwemakore anopfuura mamirioni mazana maviri, Pasi rave riri musha we tuatara ( Sphenodon punctatus ), mhuka ine upenyu hurefu hunoshamisa. Pakati pezvinhu zvayo zvakasiyana pane ziso rechitatu, iro rinowedzera kune hunyengeri hwayo. Uyezve, nzira ye tuatara yekufambisa inopupurira mavambo ayo ekare.
Pazera remakore makumi mashanu, tuatara inomira kukura, inosvika pakureba ingangoita 50 kana 45 cm uye ichirema magiramu 61 kana kirogiramu imwe. Zvinoshamisa kuti, yekare yakanyorwa tuatara yakapfuura makore 500.