Mipata ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisa kwazvo pasi rino. Inowanikwa pakati pemakomo, iwo madhiri epasi pevhu pakati pematanho maviri ane yakatetepa uye yakatambanuka chimiro. Asi, Wakambozvibvunza here kuti mamiriro ekunze akaita sei mumipata yenyika?
Ichokwadi ndechekuti inoshamisa kwazvo, sezvo iri pakati pemamwe maviri kana mashoma marefu marefu, tembiricha inogara padiki padiki pane zvavanofanirwa kuve tichifunga nezvenzvimbo yayo. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama kuti mamiriro ekunze akaita sei mumipata yenyika, pamwe nekukosha kwechimwe nechimwe chezvimiro zvayo.
Ndeapi marudzi emipata iripo?
Mipata yakatetepa
Mipata yakamanikana maumbirwo enzvimbo anomira pachena nehunhu hwawo hwakasiyana. Nzira dzemvura, dzakadai senzizi nemachakwi, dzinogara pasi pemupata uye kuyerera kwadzo kunodzorwa zvakasimba, zvichidzikamisa kutama kwemashure. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira dzekugadzirisa chiteshi dzinoitwa pazasi pechiteshi, uko shanduko mumawere inogona kuitika, pamwe nenjodzi huru kukoromoka kwevhu nekuda kwekukukurwa kwemadziro emupata.
Mipata yakawanda
Kune rumwe rutivi, mipata yakafara, inozivikanwawo se "mipata yakakura," inosanganiswa nenzizi dzakajeka. Mumaumbirwo aya, gwara rinotora chikamu chidiki chemupata, sezvo bani realluvial rakafara zvakanyanya. Mumhando idzi dzemipata, mafashamo chinhu chinowanzoitika, zvichiita kuti ive isina kugadzikana uye ine simba ecosystem. Kudyidzana pakati pehova dzemvura nevhu kunogona kutungamirira mukusikwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu, pamusoro pekupa nharaunda yakakosha yekusimudzira kurima.
Mamiriro ekunze akaita sei mumipata?
Mipata, iri pakati pemakomo, ine mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo ine makomo. Mamiriro ekunze aya anoonekwa nekudziya kuri pakati pe20 ne30 degrees celsius kwenguva zhinji yegore. Munguva yechando, kunonaya sinou kakawanda, uye tembiricha inogona kudzika pasi -10 degrees Celsius. Kukwirira nenzvimbo yemakomo kunopesvedzera mamiriro ekunze emupata uyu, zvichikonzera chiitiko chinonzi vertical thermal gradient. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinosimbiswa kuti Pamamita zana ega ega ekukwirira, tembiricha inodzikira pakati pe100 ne0.5 degree Celsius., uye hunyoro hunoenderana nekudzikira mune ino mamiriro.
Panyaya yekunaya kwemvura, mipata iri kudivi remhepo inogamuchira pakati pe900 ne1200 mm gore negore, nepo rutivi rweLeeward—uko kune mipata yakawanda—ine mamiriro okunze akaoma. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekufurira kwemhepo dziripo, idzo, padzinosangana nemakomo, dzinoburitsa hunyoro huzhinji pachikamu chakafumurwa, ichisiya chikamu chekumashure chaoma uye chakanyanya kupera mvura.
Mamiriro ekunze emumipata anosimudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, sezvo zvakasiyana-siyana zve microclimates zvakapiwa zvinobvumira kugadzirwa kwemarudzi akawanda emaruva nemhuka. Mhando dzinowanikwa mumipata dzinowanzosiyana uye dzakanyatsogadziriswa kune mamwe mamiriro anowanikwa munharaunda.
Kukosha kwemipata mune ecosystem
Mipata haingori utiziro hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, asi inoitawo basa rakakosha mukuenzanisa kwepasi. Vanoita semakoridhi echisikigo anofambisa kufamba uye kupararira kwezvipenyu, zvichigadzira nzvimbo dzakapfuma uye dzakasiyana. Aya nharaunda akakosha kune zvipenyu zvinoda chaiyo microclimates, sezvo vachipa akakodzera mamiriro asingawanikwe munzvimbo dzakatenderedza. Uyezve, kusiyana-siyana kwekukwirira uye kutaridzika kwezuva mumipata kunobvumira kuti pave nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu, kubva kumasango akasvibira kusvika kumafuro makuru akazaruka.
Mipata inobatsira zvakanyanya kune aesthetics ye geographical landscape. Zvinoratidzwa nenzizi dzinomonereka, madziva akadzikama, uye makomo makuru anopa maonero epanoramic anoyevedza uye anokatyamadza. Aya maratidziro ekuona haangokanganisa hupenyu hwevagari vemudunhu, asi zvakare anobatsira kune hutano nekugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza. Kudyidzana pakati pemvura, nyika uye zvinomera mumipata zvinogadzira nzvimbo dzine simba uye dzakanaka.
Mifananidzo yemipata: rwendo rwekuona pasi rose
Mipata yenyika: nzvimbo dzinokurudzira
Mipata yenyika zviono zvorunako rusingaenzaniswi zvinobata fungidziro yavafambi navatorwa zvakafanana. Kubva kumipata yakasvibira yeEurope kusvika kunzvimbo dzakaoma dzeAfrica, imwe neimwe inopa yakasarudzika yekuona chiitiko. Idzi nzvimbo hadzisi utiziro hwezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu chete, asiwo tsime rekurudziro yehunyanzvi neyemweya. Kufunga nezvemupata kunogona kumutsa kubatana kwakadzama nezvisikwa, zvichiita kuti vanhu vafunge nezvehukama hwavo nemhoteredzo.
MuAsia, mipata inotambanuka pakati pemakomo marefu nenzizi dzine simba, ichipa nzvimbo dzinoratidzika sechiroto. Munyika dzokuAmerica, mipata inoratidzwa nokusiyana-siyana kwayo, kubva kuhombe huru kusvika kuzvikomo zvakapfava zvakafukidzwa nezvinomera. Africa, nokuda kwayo, inoratidzira mipata inogara kunharaunda yakapfuma yemhuka dzesango, uko mhando dzemhuka dzinofananidzira dzinowana utiziro nezvokudya. Kondinendi imwe neimwe inopa nuance yayo kune izvo zvinoita kuti mupata ushamise zvechokwadi.
Mifananidzo yemipata iyi haingoratidzi kunaka kwayo kwemukati, asi zvakare inotaura nyaya dzekushanduka kwe geological uye biological adaptation. Kukukurwa kwevhu, sedimentation, uye mamwe maitiro echisikigo akaveza nzvimbo idzi kwemireniyamu, zvichigadzira zvimiro nemavara zvinopikisa fungidziro. Kutora mifananidzo kwemupata nokudaro inova nzira yekunyora nekugovana hukuru hwezvisikwa, zvichibvumira vanhu pasi rese kuti vaone kubwinya kwayo.
Valley Photos: Kutora Natural Runako
Mapikicha emupata ifafitera mukunaka kwechisikigo, richitora nguva dzechiedza nemumvuri dzinowedzera kunaka kwayo. Kubuda kwezuva mumupata kunogona kupenda nzvimbo yacho mumavara endarama, nepo kuvira kwezuva kuchigona kuifukidza nemavara epingi akapfava. Vatori vemifananidzo vanotsvaga aya mamiriro ekuvhenekesa kuti vatore mifananidzo isingango taridzike chete asi inoburitsa mamiriro uye mweya wenzvimbo.
Kutora mifananidzo yemupata kunoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenzvimbo uye matekiniki anodiwa kutora hunhu hwayo. Kusarudza kona chaiyo, kuumbwa, uye nguva kwakakosha pakugadzira mifananidzo inoita kururamisira kuhukuru hwenzvimbo. Uyezve, Vatori vemifananidzo vanofanira kunge vakagadzirira kutarisana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye nzvimbo yakaoma, izvo zvinowedzera dambudziko kubasa ravo. Zvisinei, chigumisiro chekupedzisira, chifananidzo chinomutsa kunaka uye kugadzikana kwemupata, zvakakodzera kukosha.
Kutora mifananidzo kwemupata haingori chimiro chehunyanzvi, asiwo chishandiso chekuchengetedza. Nekuratidza kunaka uye kusasimba kwezvipenyu izvi, mifananidzo inogona kukurudzira vanhu kukoshesa nekuchengetedza idzi nzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kutora mifananidzo nokudaro kunova nzira yekuzivisa veruzhinji nezvekukosha kwekuchengetedza mipata uye kusiyana-siyana kwayo kwezvipenyu, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinogona kunakidzwa nekunaka kwayo.
Kuwana mipata inoshamisa mumakondinendi akasiyana
Kaghan Valley, Pakistan: dziva, mapopoma emvura, uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
Pakistan's Kaghan Valley chiitiko chemusikirwo chinosanganisa madziva ane ruzha, mapopoma anotinhira, uye zvipenyu zvinoshamisa. Iri panzvimbo yakakwirira ye2.500 metres, mupata uyu inzvimbo yekupotera yemaruva nemhuka dzinokura mumakomo ayo ekunze. Madhamu, anonyudzwa nesinou inonyunguduka kubva mumakomo akapoteredza, ndimo munogara hove dzakadai se<em>trout ne<em>mahseer, nepo masango e<em>coniferous achigovera pokugara kushiri dzakawanda nemhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Mapopoma emvura emupata weKaghan ndeimwe yeayo makuru anokwezva, achipa inooneka uye inonzwika chiratidziro chinokwezva vashanyi. Mvura, inodonha kubva pakakwirira, inogadzira mhoteredzo inotonhorera, ine mwando inosiyana nemhepo yakaoma yemakomo. Chiitiko ichi chechisikigo hachingofadzi pfungwa chete, asiwo chinotora basa rakakosha munharaunda yenzvimbo, kupa mvura kuzvirimwa nemhuka dzinotsamira pairi kuti dzirarame.
Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu muKaghan Valley chiratidzo chekusimba kwezvisikwa. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akanyanyisa, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emarudzi akawana nzira dzekugadzirisa uye kubudirira mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Kubva pamiti yeAlpine inokura pamawere ane matombo kuenda kushiri dzinotama dzichishandisa mupata senzvimbo yekuzororera, hupenyu hwemuKaghan hunoratidza kubatanidzwa kwezvipenyu uye kukosha kwekuchengetedza idzi nzvimbo dzakasikwa.
Waipio Valley, Hawaii: Nhoroondo Yekare uye Zvisikwa
Waipio Valley paHawaii's Big Island inzvimbo iyo nhoroondo yekare uye zvisikwa zvinopindirana nenzira dzakasiyana. Mupata uyu waimbova musha weAli'i, madzishe eHawaii, uye wakanyura mukukosha kwetsika. Madzimambo ekare eHawaii akawana Waipio nzvimbo inoera yokupotera, yakakomberedzwa nerunako rwemusikirwo ruchiri kufadza avo vanoishanyira nhasi. Ngano uye tsika dzepamuromo dzakachengeta nhoroondo yenzvimbo iyi mhenyu, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yekukosha kwetsika.
Hunhu hweWaipio Valley hunokatyamadza zvakaenzana. Masango ayo akasvibira akasvibira, mapopoma anoyerera achidzika nemakomo, uye mhenderekedzo yegungwa yejecha dema inoita nzvimbo inoita seyakananga kubva mungano. Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakapfuma, nemarudzi emiti nemhuka akawanda ari kubudirira munzvimbo iyi ine mwando uye yakaorera. Kusvika kumupata kunonetsa, nemateru anoganhura nhamba yevashanyi, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza.
Waipio Valley muenzaniso wakakwana wekuti nhoroondo uye zvisikwa zvinogona kugarisana mukuwirirana. Kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo ino hakungosanganisire chete kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvayo, asiwo kuchengetedza nhaka yetsika. Kuedza kuchengetedza kunoda kuchengetedza chiyero pakati pekuwana kwevanhu nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinogona kunakidzwa nerunako nenhoroondo yeWaipio.
Mupata weTen Peaks, Canada: chiratidzo chekutora mifananidzo
Mupata weTen Peaks, uri muBanff National Park muAlberta, Canada, inzvimbo inocherechedzwa yemifananidzo yenzvimbo. Mupata uyu, wakapoteredzwa nenhongonya gumi dzemakomo anoyevedza, unopa maonero anoyevedza. Glacier-fed Moraine Lake ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kutorwa mifananidzo yemupata, inozivikanwa nemvura yaro yeturquoise inoratidzira makomo akatenderedza. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya atora fungidziro yevatorwa pasi rose, achiva mumwe wemifananidzo yeCanada inoyevedza.
Kunaka kweMupata weGumi Peaks hakungogumiri pakuonekwa kwaro. Geology yenzvimbo iyi, yakaumbwa nekukukurwa kwe glacial, yakagadzira nzvimbo inoshamisa uye ine rugare. Nzira dzinopfuura nemubani dzinobvumira vashanyi kuti vatarise runako rwaro vari pedyo, zvichipa mikana yekuona maruva nemhuka dzeko. Nzvimbo yezvipenyu yemupata uyu yakasiyana-siyana, ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara mumasango awo nemafuro, kusanganisira mapere, elk, uye shiri dzakasiyana-siyana.
Mupata weTen Peaks muenzaniso wekuti zvisikwa zvinogona kukurudzira uye kupikisa panguva imwe chete. Kutorwa kwemifananidzo kwenzvimbo ino hakungotore runako rwayo chete, asiwo kunomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pekuchengetedza uye kukanganisa kwevanhu munzvimbo idzi dzisina kusimba. Kuedza kuchengetedza kwakakosha kuitira kuti mupata urambe uri nzvimbo yemhuka dzesango uye nzvimbo yekurudziro yezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Jammu neKashmir Valley, India: Ethnic Diversity uye Landscapes
Mupata weJammu neKashmir muIndia inzvimbo inosanganisirwa madzinza akasiyana uye nzvimbo dzinoshamisa kugadzira nharaunda yakasarudzika. Mupata uyu, uri pakati pemakomo eKarakoram nePir Panjal, unozivikanwa nehupfumi hwawo hwetsika uye runako rwechisikigo. Mamiriro emupata wacho akasiyana-siyana, ane makomo akafukidzwa nesinou, nzizi dzinoyerera, uye nzvimbo dzokurima dzakatambanudzwa kusvika pakuona neziso. Kusiyana kwemarudzi enzvimbo iyi kunoratidzwa mutsika dzayo dzine simba, nemusanganiswa wetsika nemaitiro zvakashanduka kwemazana emakore.
Mamiriro emupata weJammu neKashmir chiratidzo chekudyidzana pakati pevanhu nemasikirwo. Madiridziro akaomarara aita kuti kurima kusimukire mudunhu iri, zvirimwa zvemupunga nebhari zvichibudirira muivhu remumupata uyu. Nzvimbo dzekurima idzi, dzakarongwa nemakomo makuru, dzinopa maonero anoyevedza uye anoshanda. Zvipenyu zvemupata uyu zvakapfuma zvakaenzana, nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara munzvimbo dzawo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Kusiyana kwemadzinza eJammu neKashmir kunowedzera imwe nhanho yekufarira kumupata uyu watove unonakidza. Nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara munharaunda dzakagadzira tsika yakasiyana uye inosanganisirwa. Uku kunyunguduka kwetsika kunooneka mumimhanzi yemupata, kutamba, mabiko, uye mitambo, zvichipa vashanyi ruzivo rwakapfuma uye runopfumisa zvetsika.
Khumbu Valley, Nepal: kumusha kuMount Everest nemamongi
Khumbu Valley yeNepal ine mukurumbira nekuve musha weMount Everest, gomo repamusoro-soro pasi rose, uye nedzimba dzemamongi dzechiBuddha dzinowedzera kubata kwemweya kunzvimbo yaro inoshamisa. Uyu mupata inzvimbo yakakurumbira yevafambi uye mapilgrim, inokweverwa nehukuru hwemakomo uye kugadzikana kwemamongi. Tengboche Monastery, imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mudunhu iri, inzvimbo yekufungisisa nekufungisisa, uko vashanyi vanogona kuwana rugare uye pamweya weBuddhism munzvimbo inokatyamadza yechisikigo.
Nzvimbo yeMupata weKhumbu ichitarisiko cherunako rwechisikigo, ine makomo anokwira zvinoshamisa kubva pauriri hwemupata. Nzira dzinoyambuka mupata dzinopa maonero epanoramic eEverest uye mamwe makomo anoyevedza, anokwezva vafambi uye vanokwira makomo kubva kutenderera pasirese. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu mumupata uyu kunoshamisa, nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara munzvimbo dzawo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumasango erhododendron kusvika kumafuro emakomo.
Khumbu Valley zvakare inzvimbo yakakosha yetsika kune Sherpas, dzinza rinogara mudunhu iri. Tsika dzavo uye tsika dzakanyatsopindirana nenzvimbo ine makomo, uye mutsa weSherpa unozivikanwa pasi rose. Vashanyi pamupata uyu vanogona kunyura mutsika dzeko, kupinda mumafaro uye kuona hupenyu hwemazuva ese hwenharaunda dzakadana Khumbu kumusha kwezvizvarwa.
Iconographic mipata yeAmerica neEurope
Yosemite Valley, USA: Waterfalls uye Wildlife
Yosemite Valley, muUnited States, nderimwe remipata ine mukurumbira pasi rose, inozivikanwa nemapopoma ayo anoshamisa uye mhuka dzesango dzakapfuma. Iri mukati memoyo weYosemite National Park, uyu mupata une glacial unopa nzvimbo yerunako runofema, ine mawere egranite, mafuro akasvibira, uye nzizi dzinomonereka nemumupata. Mapopoma emvura, seyakakurumbira Yosemite Falls, chiratidziro chinokwezva mamirioni evashanyi gore rega rega, ichipa chiratidziro chechisikigo chinotaridzika uye chekunzwa.
Mhuka dzemusango dzeYosemite Valley dzinoyevedza zvakaenzana, nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu dzinokura munzvimbo dzayo dzakachengetedzwa. Kubva pamapere matema nemhembwe kusvika kushiri nezvinomera zvakasiyana-siyana, kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu mumupata uyu uchapupu hwokukosha kwekuchengetedza. Nhamburiko dzekuchengetedza iyi ecosystem yakabvumira mhuka dzesango kubudirira, zvichipa vashanyi mukana wekuona zvisikwa muchimiro chazvo chakachena.
Yosemite Valley zvakare inzvimbo yakakosha yetsika uye nhoroondo. Vagari vemo vakagara munzvimbo iyi kwezviuru zvemakore, uye kubatana kwavo nenyika chikamu chinokosha chenhoroondo yemupata wacho. Vashanyi vanogona kudzidza nezve hupfumi hwenhaka yedunhu kuburikidza nezviratidziro uye zvirongwa zvedzidzo, izvo zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza zvese hunhu uye tsika yeYosemite Valley.
Douro Valley, Portugal: nhaka yewaini
Iyo Douro Valley muPortugal ine mukurumbira nekuda kwekuita waini nhaka uye nzvimbo dzinoshamisa. Mupata uyu, unotambanuka uchitevedza Rwizi rweDouro, nderimwe rematunhu ekare anogadzira waini pasi rose, anozivikanwa neminda yaro yemizambiringa yakatemerwa inoburitsa mamwe emhando dzewaini dzePortugal. Kubatanidzwa kweivhu rakaorera, mamiriro okunze akakodzera, uye unyanzvi hwokurima hwechinyakare kwakaparira indasitiri inobudirira yewaini iyo zvose zviri zviviri zvinofadza nokuda kwokunzwa uye rutivi runokosha rwoupfumi hwomunzvimbomo.
Nzvimbo yeDouro Valley inzvimbo yekuona, ine zvikomo zvinomonereka zvakafukidzwa neminda yemizambiringa uye rwizi runomonereka nemubani. Nzvimbo iyi haina kunaka chete, asi yakave ichizivikanwa seWorld Heritage Site neUNESCO, ichiratidza kukosha kwayo kwetsika uye zvakasikwa. Vashanyi kumupata vanogona kunakidzwa nekushanya kwemunda wemizambiringa, kuravira kwewaini, uye maonero epanoramic anotora chinangwa chedunhu.
Tsika yewaini muDouro Valley chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwenzvimbo, nemitambo netsika dzinopemberera kukohwa nekugadzirwa kwewaini. Vagadziri vewaini vedunhu vakakwenenzvera hunyanzvi hwavo kwezvizvarwa, vachibatanidza nzira dzechinyakare nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano kugadzira waini inofarirwa pasi rese. Iyo Douro Valley inzvimbo yekuenda inopa yakakwana yekunzwa ruzivo, uko kunaka kwenzvimbo kunosanganiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuita winemaking.
Jiuzhaigou Valley, China: makungwa ane mavara uye mapopoma
Jiuzhaigou Valley muSichuan Province, China, ine mukurumbira nemadziva ayo ane mavara ane mavara nemapopoma anoshamisa. Uyu mupata, unotambanuka makiromita 720, inzvimbo ine runako rwechisikigo runoshamisa, ine mvura yakachena-yakajeka inoratidza mavara emuraraungu nemapopoma emvura anoyerera achidzika nemateru egomo. "Dziva reMaruva Mashanu" ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kukwezva mumupata, inozivikanwa nekupenya kwayo ruvara rwecyan uye hunde yemiti yakanyura iyo inogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nemvura yaro yakachena.
Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveMupata weJiuzhaigou zvinoshamisa zvakaenzana, nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara munzvimbo dzawo dzakasiyana-siyana. Kubva pama<em>pandas makuru kusvika kutsoko dzendarama, mupata wacho utiziro hwemhuka dzomusango dziri mungozi. Nhamburiko dzokudzivirira mupata uyu dzakabvumira kuti kusiyana-siyana kwaro kubudirire, zvichipa vashanyi mukana wokuona zvisikwa zviri mumugariro wazvo wakachena.
Nzvimbo yeJiuzhaigou Valley chiratidzo chekudyidzana pakati pemvura, ivhu, uye zvinomera, zvichigadzira nharaunda ine simba uye ine runyararo. Vashanyi pamupata uyu vanogona kuongorora nzira dzawo, kuwana madziva nemapopoma, uye kunyura murunako rwechisikigo rwakakurudzira zvizvarwa zvevanyori nevadetembi. Jiuzhaigou muenzaniso wekuti zvisikwa zvinogona kugadzira hunyanzvi hwerunako nekuoma kunzwisisa izvo zvinopesana nefungidziro.
Mipata yakasarudzika geography uye tsika
Lötschental Valley, Switzerland: Alpine landscape uye carnival
Mupata weLötschental muSwitzerland unozivikanwa nekunaka kwenzvimbo dzawo dzemakomo uye carnival inoyevedza. Mupata uyu, mumwe wemikurusa muSwitzerland, unosvika makiromita 27 uye wakakomberedzwa nemakomo anosvika 3.000 XNUMX metres kureba. Mamiriro emupata uyu chishamiso cherunako rwechisikigo, neRwizi rweLonza rwuchimonereka nemubani, nzvimbo dzemakomo dzakafukidzwa nemaruva emusango, uye makomo akafukidzwa nesinou anopa zvinokatyamadza zvinoonekwa.
Tschäggättä carnival ndeimwe yetsika dzakakosha kwazvo muLötschental Valley. Chiitiko ichi, chinoitwa muchando chega chega, chinozivikanwa nemasiki akavezwa nemaoko uye zvipfeko zvine mavara, zvinoratidzira vanhu vengano uye zvimiro zvechinyakare. Carnival imhemberero yekuzivikanwa kwetsika yemupata, ichipa vashanyi mukana wekuona hupfumi hwenhaka yedunhu munzvimbo yemafaro uye yekugamuchira.
Mupata weLötschental zvakare inzvimbo yakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisikwa zvipenyu zviri mumupata uyu ndimo mune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emaruva nemhuka, ayo anogara munzvimbo dzawo dzemakomo. Kuedza kuchengetedza kwakabvumira mupata wacho kuti uchengetedze kutendeseka kwawo kwezvakatipoteredza, kuve nechokwadi chokuti zvizvarwa zvenguva yemberi zvinogona kunakidzwa nokunaka kwaro kwechisikigo uye nhaka yetsika. Iyo Lötschental inzvimbo yekuenda inopa chiitiko chakakwana, uko zvisikwa uye tsika zvinosangana kugadzira yakasarudzika uye inonakidza nharaunda.
Thórsmörk Valley, Iceland: Hiking uye Geography
Thórsmörk Valley muIceland iparadhiso yevanoda zvekukwira makomo uye inoshamisa geography. Wakapiwa zita ramwari weNorse Thor, mupata uyu unozivikanwa nokuda kwenzvimbo yawo inoshamisa, yakaumbwa nemakomo echando, nzizi, uye makomo anoita mhoteredzo yorunako rwomusango. Nzira dzinoyambuka mupata dzinopa maonero enzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa dzemazaya echando nemakomo, dzinokwezva vafambi vanobva kumativi ese enyika vachitsvaga kuongorora iyo yakasarudzika geography.
Mamiriro emupata weThórsmörk chiratidzo chekudyidzana pakati pemazaya echando nenyika, zvichigadzira nharaunda ine simba uye ine runyararo. Nzizi dzinoyerera nomumupata dzakaveza makoronga nemakoronga pamusoro pemireniyamu, zvichipa chitarisiko chinooneka chinopesana nefungidziro. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu mumupata uyu kunoshamisa zvakaenzana, nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara munzvimbo dzawo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumosses uye lichens kusvika kushiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Mupata weThórsmörk muenzaniso wemasikirwo anogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzinonakidza uye dzinonetsa. Vashanyi pamupata uyu vanogona kuongorora nzira dzawo, kuwana maonero ayo, uye kunyudza ivo pachavo murunako rwechisikigo rwakakurudzira zvizvarwa zvevafambi nevafambi. Thórsmörk inzvimbo yekuenda inopa yakasarudzika chiitiko, uko geography uye zvisikwa zvinosangana kugadzira nharaunda inokurudzira uye inokurudzira.
Kalalau Valley, Hawaii: Zvinoshamisa Zvipenyu
Kalalau Valley, pachitsuwa cheKaua'i muHawaii, inzvimbo yezvipenyu zvinoshamisa uye runako rwechisikigo. Uyu mupata, wakakomberedzwa nemawere marefu nezvinomera zvakasvibirira, inzvimbo yekupotera yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emaruva nemhuka anogara munzvimbo dzawo dzinopisa. Iyo Kalalau Trail, iyo inotungamira vashanyi mumupata, inopa panoramic maonero egungwa nemakomo, ichigadzira nharaunda iyo inoshamisa uye ine runyararo.
Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveKalalau Valley zvinoshamisa, nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara munzvimbo dzayo dzakasiyana. Kubva pazvinomera zvomunzvimbo dzinopisa kusvika kushiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa, mupata wacho utiziro hwemhuka dziri mungozi yokutsakatika, zvichiratidza kukosha kwokuchengetedza munharaunda yacho. Nhamburiko dzokudzivirira mupata uyu dzakabvumira kuti kusiyana-siyana kwaro kubudirire, zvichipa vashanyi mukana wokuona zvisikwa zviri mumugariro wazvo wakachena.
Nzvimbo yeKalalau Valley chiratidzo chekudyidzana pakati pegungwa, nyika, uye zvinomera. Vashanyi pamupata uyu vanogona kuongorora nzira dzawo, kuwana mahombekombe egungwa, uye kunyura murunako rwechisikigo rwakakurudzira zvizvarwa zvevanyori nevadetembi. Kalalau muenzaniso wekuti zvisikwa zvinogona kugadzira hunyanzvi hwekunaka uye kuoma kunzwisisa izvo zvinopikisa fungidziro.
Valley of Geysers, Russia: kumusha kune makuru makuru emagetsi
Mupata weGeysers, uri paKamchatka Peninsula, Russia, une mukurumbira wokuva nenhamba yechipiri pakukura yemagiza pasi rose. Uyu mupata chiono chinoshamisa chechisikigo, une magiza anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe anobudisa jeti dzemvura inopisa uye chiutsi nguva nenguva. Tembiricha yeGeyser inogona kusvika pa250°C pa500 metres pasi pevhu, ichigadzira nharaunda inonakidza uye inonetsa.
Geology yeMupata weGeysers chiratidzo chechiitiko chekuputika kwemakomo kwakaumba dunhu. Geysers, pamwe chete nefumaroles uye zvitubu zvinopisa, zvinogadzira nzvimbo ine simba uye ine runyararo. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu mumupata uyu kunoshamisa zvakaenzana, nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara munzvimbo dzawo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pazvinomera zvinopisa kusvika kushiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Mupata weGeysers muenzaniso wemasikirwo anogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzinonakidza uye dzinonetsa. Vashanyi kumupata vanogona kuongorora nzira dzayo, kuwana magiza ayo, uye kunyudza ivo pachavo murunako rwechisikigo rwakakurudzira zvizvarwa zvevafambi uye vafambi. Uyu mupata unopa chiitiko chakasarudzika, uko geology uye zvisikwa zvinosangana kugadzira nharaunda inokurudzira uye inokurudzira.
Chii chinonzi mupata: tsanangudzo uye maitiro
Mupata inzvimbo inodzika pakati pemakomo kana zvikomo, kazhinji ine rwizi kana rukova runoyerera. Mipata inogona kuva yemhando dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nekwavanobva geological uye masimba akaaumba. Mipata yenzizi, semuenzaniso, inogadzirwa nekukukurwa kwemvura nekufamba kwenguva, nepo mipata ine glacial iri mhedzisiro yemazaya echando ari kuveza nyika. Pasinei nekwakabva, mipata inzvimbo dzakasimba dzinopa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu uye nzvimbo dzekugara.
Mamiriro emupata anogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yawo uye masimba echisikigo akauumba. Mimwe mipata yakafara uye yakashama, ine ivhu rakaorera rakanakira kurima, nepo mimwe mitete uye yakadzika, ine madziro ane matombo anoumba mhoteredzo yakaoma zvikuru. Miti iri mumipata inogonawo kusiyana, kubva kumasango akasvibira kusvika kumafuro akazaruka, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye urefu hwemupata wacho.
Mipata iyi yakakoshawo mutsika nenhoroondo, sezvo budiriro zhinji dzakabudirira munzvimbo idzi dzakaorera. Mipata iyi yakashandiswa senzira dzokutengesera, nzvimbo dzokusangana dzetsika dzakasiyana-siyana, uye nzvimbo dzokupotera dzenzanga dzinotsamira pazviwanikwa zvomumupata wacho kuti vawane chouviri. Nhasi, mipata inoramba iri nzvimbo dzinokosha zvikuru mutsika, uko tsika dzamadzitateguru nemiitiro zvinochengetwa zviri zvipenyu.
Mazita emipata ine mukurumbira nezvaanoreva
Mazita emipata ine mukurumbira anowanzoratidza nzvimbo yaanogara, nhoroondo yawo, kana kuti tsika dzakagaramo. Mazita aya haangozivisi nzvimbo chete, asiwo anotaura rungano nezvekwakabva nekukosha kwayo kunharaunda dzenzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, Waipio Valley muHawaii ine zita rinoreva kuti “mvura yakakombama,” richiratidzira chimiro chorwizi runoyerera nomumupata. Iri zita haringotsananguri chete geography yemupata, asi zvakare rine zvakadzama kukosha kwetsika kune vekuHawaii.
Mupata weThórsmörk muIceland wakatumidzwa zita ramwari weNorse Thor, zvichiratidza ngano uye tsika dzedunhu. Iri zita rinomutsa kusimba nehukuru hwenzvimbo, iyo inoyevedza uye inonetsa. Mazita emupata anogonawo kuratidza zviitiko zvenhoroondo kana akasiyana geological maficha, akadai seMupata weGumi Peaks muCanada, uyo unotumidzwa kumakomo gumi akatenderedza mupata.
Mazita emupata chikamu chakakosha chekuzivikanwa kwavo uye anoratidza hukama pakati pevanhu nenzvimbo. Mazita aya haangozivisi nzvimbo chete, asiwo anotaura rungano nezvekwakabva nekukosha kwayo kunharaunda dzenzvimbo. Mazita emupata inzira yekuchengetedza tsika uye nhoroondo yendangariro yenzvimbo, uye kupa vashanyi kubatana kwakadzama nenharaunda yavari kuongorora.