Deltas uye estuaries, ayo akazara paIberian Peninsula, anobatsira kunharaunda dzakasiyana siyana dzezvipenyu. Idzi nzvimbo dzakakosha zvikuru maererano nekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzinokosha dzekugara kwemarudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa nemhuka. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kuti chii chaizvo misiyano pakati pemikova nemadelta.
Nokudaro, munyaya ino tichakuudza kuti misiyano mikuru ndeyei pakati pema estuaries ne deltas, pamwe chete nemaitiro avo uye kukosha.
Chii chinonzi delta
Pakusangana kwerwizi negungwa, kuumbwa kwenyika kunozivikanwa se delta kunomuka. Ichi chakasarudzika chenzvimbo chinoratidzwa nekusanganiswa kwemvura yakachena nemvura yemunyu. Kubereka kwenzvimbo idzi hakuenzaniswi, sezvo mavhu anotakurwa nerwizi anoiswa mugomba, zvichiita kuti pave nevhu rakapfuma. Naizvozvo, Aya deltas anove ecosystem inokura inotsigira zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu.
Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSpain ndiko kumusha kune ane mukurumbira Ebro River delta, iyo inomira pachena seimwe yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana deltas muEurope. Iyi delta yakakura imusha kune dzakasiyana siyana dzeshiri, hove uye maruva marudzi. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshanda senzvimbo yakakosha yekumira uye nzvimbo yechikafu kune shiri dzinotama dzinotevera nzira yeAtlantic-Mediterranean.
chii chinonzi rwizi
Kusiyana neizvi, mazariro inzvimbo idzo mvura yakachena kubva murwizi inosanganiswa nemvura ine munyu kubva munyanza, kunyangwe kusvika padiki pane delta. Idzi nzvimbo dzinoratidza kuchinja kukuru kwemunyu uye dzinopa nzvimbo yakakwana yekugara zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvisikwa zvemvura, kusanganisira hove, crustaceans uye mollusks.
Iri munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweSpain, Guadalquivir River estuary inozivikanwa paIberian Peninsula. Inogara pachinzvimbo chepamusoro seimwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha munyika, ichipa nzvimbo tsvene yemarudzi akawanda eshiri dzemvura, kusanganisira flamingo, herons uye ospreys. Uyezve, rwizi urwu runoita basa rakakosha mu kuchengetedzwa kwemhuka dzesango dziri mungozi yokutsakatika, kunyanya shiri inonzi Iberian lynx.
Kuvandudza ecosystems, ese madeltas uye estuaries, inopa akawanda akakosha masevhisi ezvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusefa kwemvura, kudzivirira mafashama, kugadzikana kwemahombekombe uye kugadzira chikafu. Pamusoro pezvo, vane zvakakosha zvedzidzo, zvesainzi uye zvekushanya.
Kurarama kwezvipenyu izvi kunogara kuchityisidzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwe zviwanikwa, kusvibiswa, kuvandudzwa kwemaguta kusingadzorwi uye kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi kwekuvapo kwayo, zvakakosha kuisa pamberi pekuchengetedza kwayo uye kutora maitiro ekutonga anoenderera.
Kukosha kwe deltas
Delta inzvimbo yekuenda ine ecosystem yakasarudzika. Iri pamuromo werwizi, iyi inogara yakasikwa inogara kune dzakasiyana siyana dzezvirimwa nemhuka, kugadzira paradhiso yechokwadi yevanoda zvisikwa uye vanoyemura zvezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Iyo delta yakawanda zviwanikwa zvechisikigo uye inoyevedza kukwezva inotsanangura iyo yakasarudzika kuzivikanwa. Mukati menzvimbo dzayo dzakakura dzemvura, madhamu nemachakwi, shiri dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura dzinokura, dzinosanganisira flamingo, herons nemadhadha, kuwana nyaradzo munzvimbo ino yekugara iyo inopa nzvimbo dzakakwana dzekugara nekudya.
Delta haisi nzvimbo yeshiri chete, asi Iriwo musha kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhuka, zvinokambaira uye amphibians. Imwe mhuka inocherekedza ingwenya, inowanzoonekwa ichipisa zuva mumahombekombe erwizi kana kuti ichibhururuka zvakanaka pakati pezvinomera zvemumvura. Pamusoro pezvo, delta imusha kune maotter anotamba uye kuvapo kunokwezva kwecapybaras, zvese zviri kunakidzwa nemvura yedellta.
Zvinonyanya kukosha ndeyekusiyana kwebhotani kunowanikwa mukati me delta. Mangrove akakura, anoratidzwa nemidzi yawo yakaoma kunzwisisa, anobatsira kugadzira nzvimbo yakasarudzika uku achipawo nzvimbo yekupotera kune zvisikwa zvakawanda zvegungwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvapo kwemasango emichindwe nemakwenzi zvinosimudzira nzvimbo yekugara yemhuka dzesango, zvichipa chikafu nemumvuri kune vagari vemuDelta.
Kune zvakare tourism mu deltas. Vashanyi vanoenda kudelta vanogona kufamba munzira nemigwagwa kana kupinda muchikepe rwendo.. Rwendo rwechikepe urwu rune chinangwa chekunyura mukati metiweki yakaoma yemigero nemadhamu. Nenzira iyi, humwe hunokosha hwekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo idzi uye kukosha kwadzo zvinopfuudzwa.
Masangano mazhinji anopira nhamburiko dzawo mukuchengetedza iyi yakasarudzika ecosystem, ichivimbisa hupenyu hwayo hurefu. Uyezve, kusimudzira kushanya kwakasimba kunobvumira vanhu kunakidzwa nekunaka kwedelta vasingakanganisi hunhu hwayo.
Misiyano mikuru pakati pema estuaries ne deltas
Kana tichitaura nezve geographical maficha ane chekuita nekusangana kwenzizi nemakungwa, estuaries uye deltas zvinowanzovhiringidzika. Kunyangwe zvese zviri zvemuromo werwizi, pane mutsauko unocherechedzwa pakati pemaumbirwo aya.
Kana rwizi rukatakura tsvina yonoisa pamuromo warwo, nzvimbo inozivikanwa se delta inoumbwa. Iyi nharaunda ine mativi matatu, inoratidzwa nekudzika kwayo, inogara migero yenzizi dzakawanda dzinoyambuka nzvimbo. Deltas ine mukurumbira nekuwanda kwezvinovaka muviri, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo dzehupenyu hwemvura hwakasiyana. Madelta anozivikanwa anosanganisira Nile Delta muEgypt uye Mekong Delta muVietnam.
Mukupesana, gomo inzvimbo yenzvimbo inoumbwa nekusangana kwemvura yemunyu kubva munyanza uye mvura yakachena kubva murwizi kana yasvika pamuromo wayo. Musanganiswa wemvura uyu unopa nzvimbo yekugara yakasiyana ine maitiro ayo akasiyana. Mazizi, ayo Ivo vanowanzotora chimiro chefunnel, vari pasi pekudzika uye kuyerera kwemafungu, izvo zvinokonzeresa kushanduka kwemunyu wemvura.. Mukati mezvipenyu izvi, marudzi akasiyana-siyana anowana musha wazvo, kusanganisira shiri, hove nehove. Mienzaniso yakatanhamara yenzvimbo dzinoyerera mvura inoyerera inosanganisira Vigo estuary muGalicia, Spain neChesapeake Bay muUnited States.
Sezvaunogona kuona, misiyano iyi inowanzovhiringidzika haina kuoma kuyeuka. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mutsauko uripo pakati pemafashamu nema deltas.