Kwenguva yakati rebei, zvave kuzivikanwa kuti Mars ine mvura mukati mayo. Izvo zvisingazivikanwe ndeyekuti yakawanda sei mvura yainogona kuve nayo. Sekuziva kwedu, Mars ndiyo chinangwa cheNASA uye iri kunyatso kufundwa. Nyowani data yakaratidzwa pamusoro mvura pamars zvine chekuita nepasi pevhu repasi. Mazana emadhamu epasi pevhu anoita seanowanikwa munzvimbo ino.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvinozivikanwa nezve mvura paMars.
Iyo South Pole nemvura paMars
Parizvino, tinoziva kuti iyo yepasi pevhu peMars ine dhipatimendi remvura chando uye carbon dioxide yakagwamba nechando munzvimbo, inonzi yakaoma chando. Aya madutu anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, izvo zvinotibvumidza kuti tinyore zviri nani nhoroondo yeMars. Semuyenzaniso, titenderei kuona kuti mamwe matunhu eMars aimbotonhora sei munguva yakapfuura kubvumira kutonhora uku.
Chidzidzo chitsva chakaitwa neNASA chakaratidza zvimwe zvakawanda nezve izvi zvepasi pedhipoziti. Havana chokwadi kana masaini aya ari mvura yemvura, asi anoita seakafara zvakanyanya kupfuura anowanikwa mumagwaro ekutanga. Iyo agency yakashandisa chiridzwa cheMARSIS paEuropean Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter. Nechiridzwa cheradar ichi, vaongorori vanogona kutumira masaisai pamusoro peMars. Kubva pamasaisai anoratidzwa avanogamuchira, vanogona kuona kuti chii chiri pasi pepamusoro. Semuyenzaniso, chando chinoratidzwa nyore nyore mumasaisai eredanepo zvinhu zvakaita sepasi pacharo zvichipinda nyore nyore uye zvisingaenzaniswi.
Tsvagiridzo yazvino yakaratidza akawanda ezviratidziro kuSouth Pole, izvo zvinogona kunge zvine hukama ne mvura pamars. Nharaunda inofukidzwa namapfundo aya ihombe zvikuru kupfuura zvaifungwa pakutanga. Asi chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti munzvimbo dzakawanda mvura yakaomeswa nechando haisviki makiromita maviri kudzika.
Izvi zvinotiudzei? Tinofanira kuita tsvagurudzo munzvimbo iyoyo yeMars. Izvi zvakawanikwa ndinogonaKufuridzira nyowani pane-saiti mishoni kuSouth Pole paMars. Rover iri kuSouth Pole yeMars inogona kutibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani maitiro emvura mudunhu uye kuti ichabatsira sei vanhu mune ramangwana. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuziva zvakawanda nezve Rover Curiosity uye kukanganisa kwayo pakunzwisisa kwedu kwemvura paMars.
Tsvagurudzo pamusoro pemvura paMars
Nhasi, Mars igwenga rakagwamba nechando. Asi yakaoma deltas nemabhangi zvinoratidza kuti munguva yakapfuura, mvura yaiyerera ichitenderera pamusoro penyika ino tsvuku. Kwemakumi emakore, masayendisiti anga achiedza kutsvaga kuti mvura iripi paMars, vachitarisira kunzwisisa kuti nyika tsvuku yakava sei dongo rakaoma, nepo muvakidzani wayo, Nyika, yakachengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura uye ikava paradhiso.
Iye zvino, nekubatanidza zvakacherechedzwa zvepasi rino mumuenzaniso mutsva, boka renyanzvi dzezvemamiriro ekunze nemasayendisiti emuchadenga rakagadzira mufananidzo mutsva wenguva yakapfuura yeMars: mvura zhinji pasi pano inogona kuvharirwa mugoko rePasi. Kuwanikwa uku kwakakosha kuti unzwisise matambudziko emhepo yeMartian uye kuti vakapesvedzera sei kuvapo kwemvura.
Ongororo dzapfuura dzakaratidza kuti kana mwaranzi yezuva ichikwevera mvura paMars kubva mudenga, yakawanda yemvura iri paMars inotizira muchadenga. Asi chidzidzo chitsva ichi chinopedzisa kuti mvura iri paMars yakatambura zvese nekuvhunika kwemhepo uye kubatwa kweiyo geological. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemvura yainotanga nayo, iyo modhi nyowani inofungidzira izvozvo pakati pe30% ne99% inosanganisirwa mumaminerari kubva paguruva repasinepo vamwe vese vachitizira muchadenga. Iyi yakatambanuka uye inogona kusanganisira maitiro maviri, saka chokwadi chiri mukati meiyi nhanho.
Kana iyo modhi nyowani iri yechokwadi, nhoroondo yekuyaruka paPasi inofanirwa kunyorwazve. Zvinotendwa kuti mvura yese yakavharirwa muchikanda cheMarichi nhasi zvinoreva kuti pazera rayo diki, paive nemvura yakawanda pamusoro peMaris kupfuura mafungidziro ekare, uye kuti nguva dzekare dzinogona kunge dzakanakisa kupfuura zvinozivikanwa. yehupenyu hutachiona. Iyo yakatetepa mhepo ye Mars inodzivirira kuvapo kwemvura yemvura pamusoro pepuraneti tsvuku. Asi mvura yaigona kuramba iri mvura iri pasi pevhu. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kwekudzidza ivhu reMartian uye hunhu hwavo.
Machena machena
Pane humbowo hwekuti pane mvura ine munyu paMars, uye ichi chinoyerera ndicho chinokonzeresa mitsetse yemitsetse inowanikwa pamateru emakoronga munguva yakanyanya kupisa paMars. Chii chimwe, mvura yemvura pazasi pechiso inopa yakaringana nharaunda yehupenyu papasi rino. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza humbowo hwemvura ine munyu inosvika munzvimbo ina dzakasiyana. Naizvozvo, iyo inonzi yakasviba mutaro mugero, unove wakareba mamita mashanu uye wakadzidzwa kwemakore mazhinji, iri nekuda kwekuita kwemvura yemunyu.
Anoshamisa mitsara mitsara inoyerera inoonekwa yega yega yeMartian zhizha, ichiita senge inofamba ichidzika pasi pakati pematanho enzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba hemisphere. Kana kutonhora kwasvika, iyi mitsetse ine mitsetse kana mihoronga inonyangarika. Ichokwadi chekuti iyo data ikozvino inosimbisa kuti miforo iyi haina kuchengetedzwa mukati megore inoratidza kuti mvura yemvura iri kuyerera ichidzika nemakomo nemateru nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetembiricha. Kana mwaka unotonhora ukasvika vanonyangarika.
Kutenda kune spectrometric dhata kubva kuCRISM, timu yemasayendisiti kubva kuGeorgia Institute of Technology (USA) yasimbisa kuvepo kwehydrated salts senge perchlorates uye chlorates, ayo akazara kwazvo pasi rino (kusvika zviuru gumi zvakapetwa kupfuura Pasi). Saka manje dzikisa nzvimbo inotonhora yemvura kubva pa0ºC kusvika -70ºC, mamiriro ezvinhu ayo zvinokwanisika kuwana mvura yemvura. Izvi zviwanikwa zvakakosha kuti uongorore remangwana reMars uye kugona kwayo kugara.
Mamiriro ehupenyu
Kunyangwe nezvose zvakawanikwa, pamusoro pepuraneti rakatsvuka rine mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anovenga hupenyu. Kunyanya, aya mamiriro anotarirwa nehuwandu hwemwaranzi ye ultraviolet inobva kuzuva. Nekudaro, idzi data pamusoro pekugona kuvepo kwemvura yemvura pasi pevhu inoita kuti kugara kuwedzere kunaka pasi peMartian regolith, uko ndiko kunofanirwa kutariswa kuedza kwehupenyu mune ramangwana.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemvura iri paMars nezvose zvinozivikanwa nezvazvo.