Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweteresikopu yakaiswa paBoeing 747, zvakaonekwa kuti zvechokwadi mvura pamwedzi. Kuwanikwa uku kunofambirana nezvakawanikwa mune imwe ongororo yakaparadzana, iyo yakawana kuvepo kwe "misungo inotonhora" apo chiedza chezuva hachikwanise kupinda, zvichikonzera tembiricha yakaderera se163 madhigirii pasi paziro. Tsvagiridzo iyi inosimbisa basa rakakosha iro aizi, muchimiro chemvura, ichaita mumamishoni ari kuuya.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pemvura nemwedzi, kuwanikwa kwavo uye kukosha.
Mvura paMwedzi
Zvakasimbiswa zviri pamutemo kuti mvura iriko paMwedzi. Muchiziviso cheNASA, Zvakaratidzwa kuti setiraiti yedu yemusikirwo yepasi ine mazaya echando akawanda, izvo zvingaratidza kuti zvinokosha pamabasa anouya anoitwa nevanhu. Tsvagiridzo yakadzama yakaitwa nemasaenzi kwakaratidza kuvepo kwemvura kwete mumakoronga makuru, anotonhora, akadzika ari munzvimbo dzeMwedzi, uko iyo Lunar Prospect mission yakatanga kuwana mvura mukupera kwema1990, asiwo mumakoronga madiki, makadzika asina kudzika. munzvimbo dzakafanana dzepolar. Aya madhiri asina kudzika ane mukana wekuchengetedza aizi kwezviuru kana mamirioni emakore nekuda kwekutonhora kwavo kwakakwana.
Mushure mekuongorora zvakadzama ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa neStratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), ndege yeBoeing 747SP ine dhayamita 2,5 metres inoratidza teresikopu, nyanzvi dzesangano remuchadenga dzakasvika pamhedziso iyi. Inoshanda kubva kuPasi stratosphere, SOFIA inodarika chikamu che99% chemuchadenga chepasi, zvichikubvumidza kuti uunganidze ruzivo rwakakosha nezvesolar system isingawanikwe uchishandisa echinyakare pasi-based telescopes.
Zvinoenderana nezvakawanikwa nemucherechedzo, rimwe remakoronga makuru anoonekwa kubva Pasi, anozivikanwa saClavius, akawanikwa aine mamorekuru emvura. Kuwanikwa kunoshamisa uku kunopindirana netsvagiridzo pa mhepo yemwedzi, iyo inoita basa rinokosha mukunzwisisa nharaunda idzi.
Mhedziso kubva mukuwanikwa kwemvura paMwedzi
Mhedziso dzakatorwa kubva kuSOFIA zvakawanikwa Zvinoenderana neayo echidzidzo chakasiyana, chakaburitswawo mujenari resainzi rimwechete. Muchidzidzo ichi, boka revatsvakurudzi rakaona "misungo inotonhora" munzvimbo dzine mumvuri zvachose dzeMwedzi, umo tembiricha inogona kudzika kusvika pa163 degrees pasi pe zero. Aya madiki madiki ane mukana wekushanda sematanho enguva refu emvura echando. Zvisinei, chizaruro chinonyanya kushamisa ndiko kuunganidza inofungidzirwa yeaya ultrafrigid zones paanenge 40.000 square kilometers yenzvimbo yemwedzi.
Makiromita angangoita 40.000 XNUMX kuyambuka mwedzi, kune matunhu akafukidzwa nerima ane mukana wekuve nemvura yakaomeswa nechando. Kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere yeMwedzi, kunyanya muClavius crater, inova imwe yemakoronga makuru anoonekwa kubva kuPasi, mucherechedzo wakaona mamorekuru emvura. Zvidzidzo zvekare zvepamwedzi zvakakwanisa kuona kuvepo kwehydrogen, asi hazvina kukwanisa kusiyanisa pakati pemvura nekomboni yayo yakabatana, hydroxyl (OH). Kuwanikwa uku kunovhura nzira nyowani dzekunzwisisa midziyo inodiwa pamabasa emangwana kuMwedzi.
Nekudaro, data yakawanikwa kubva kunzvimbo iyi chaiyo yakaratidza kuti mvura iripo muzvikamu zviri pakati pe100 ne412 zvikamu pamiriyoni. Kuisa izvi mumaonero, Huwandu uhu hunenge hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwemvura iri mubhodhoro re35 centimeter, yakakura zvishoma pane soda can, iyo yakavharirwa mukati me cubic mita yevhu rakapararira pamusoro pemwedzi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, mukuenzanisa, Sahara Desert ine ka100 mvura yakawanda kupfuura iyo yakaonekwa muvhu remwedzi neSOFIA, inotsanangura iyo agency yechadenga.
Mvura inokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwemeteorites
Kuwanikwa kwemvura ichangoburwa pamusoro pemwedzi, kunyangwe iripo muhuwandu hudiki, kwakakurudzira tsvakiridzo nyowani mukusikwa nekuchengetedzwa kwemvura munzvimbo iyoyo. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza, zvisinei, kuti mamorekuru emvura akaonekwa neanocherekedza haasi muchimiro chechando chakachena, asi aripo mumadhipoziti madiki akaunganidzwa pamusoro kana kuvharirwa mukati mekristasi zvichikonzerwa nekudhumhana kweasteroid paMwedzi.
Nepo India's Chandrayaan-1 probe yakamboona aizi yemvura munzvimbo dzisina kuvhenekerwa dzepamwedzi anopfuura makore gumi apfuura, chidzidzo ichi zvino chinopa humbowo hwekuti mamorekuru emvura aripowo munzvimbo dzakavhenekerwa. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti mamorekuru aya mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemakemikari nehydroxyl inokonzereswa nekukanganisa kwemameteorites madiki. Saizvozvowo, zvinotevera zvakaongororwa: zvikonzero zviri shure kwekushaikwa kwemamishinari apfuura kuMwedzi.
Kuwanikwa kwemvura yakawanikwa neSOFIA sechinhu chinokwanisa kuchiri kuongororwa. Kuwana uku kunokatyamadza, mhedziso yetsvakiridzo yakadzama yakaitwa mumakore akati wandei, ine zvakakosha kune ramangwana remamishini kune satellite. Aya mamishini, akarongwa mukati mehurongwa hwechirongwa cheArtemis kwemakore anotevera, anogona kufambiswa nekuvapo kwemvura pasatellite.
Ichishandisa iyo data yakaunganidzwa neSOFIA, NASA ine mukana wekuishandisa kune inotevera nzendo dzevanhu kuenda kuMwedzi, idzo dziri kuvandudzwa pasi pechirongwa cheArtemis. Akafuridzirwa namwarikadzi akabatana neMwedzi uye mhuka dzesango, uyo Iye zvakare mapatya hanzvadzi yamwari Apollo, NASA yakadoma nemazvo iyi mishoni nyowani mukukudzwa kwake. Nechirongwa ichi, sangano reUS rine chinangwa chekutumira vazivi vemuchadenga kusatellite yepasi redu zvakare, inomiririra kudzoka kwakakosha mushure menguva ingangoita hafu yezana.
Muchiziviso chinokatyamadza chirimo chapfuura, chirongwa chemuchadenga chakaburitsa hurongwa hwayo hwekuda. Haisi kungovavarira kutumira murume anotevera kunzvimbo yemwedzi, asi inovavarirawo kuita chinhu chinotoshamisa: gadza nheyo isingaperi paMwedzi. Iyi nzvimbo yekunze yemwedzi ichashanda senzvimbo yakakosha yekutangisa mamisheni anouya kuMars, achaitika muna 2030.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuvapo kwemvura pamwedzi uye kuwanikwa kwayo.