Panyika yedu nhasi tine biodiversity yakakura. Izvi zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoumbwa nemhuka dzakakura zvakasiyana-siyana. Vanhu vanoisa mhuka mumapoka zvichienderana nehunhu hwadzo uye kwadzinobva. Zvisinei, mumwe wemibvunzo inonyanya kubvunzwa nevanhu pamusoro pemhuka ndeipi mhuka huru pasi rose
Nokudaro, munyaya ino tichakuudza kuti ndeipi mhuka huru munyika yose, maitiro ayo uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Ndeipi mhuka huru pasi rose
Mhuka huru pasi rose iblue whale. Ichi chikara chikuru chemugungwa chinogona kureba kusvika pamamita makumi matatu uye kurema kudarika matani zana nemakumi mashanu. Chakanga chakakura zvekuti chinotendwa kuti ndicho chipenyu chikurusa chati chambovapo paNyika. Blue whales anowanikwa mumakungwa pasi rose uye anodya zvakanyanya pakrill, crustacean diki.
Mukuwedzera kuhukuru hwavo hukuru, blue whales dzinozivikanwawo nenziyo dzadzo dzinonakidza. Vanhurume vanoburitsa nhevedzano yekurira kwakaoma uye kwakasiyana, kwakafanana nenziyo. Mitsindo iyi inogona kunzwika kureba kwemakiromita 100 uye inoshandiswa kutaurirana nekutsvaga mukwanyina panguva yekusangana.
Zvinosuruvarisa nekuda kwekuvhima zvakanyanya munguva yakapfuura, mawhale eblue ari munjodzi yekutsakatika. Sezvineiwo, kudzivirira kwavo kwave chinhu chekutanga kumasangano akasiyana siyana nehurumende. Matanho ekuchengetedza pari zvino ari kutorwa pasi rose kuchengetedza uye kubereka huwandu hweblue whale.
Chimiro chekutarisa kukura kwemhuka
Hukuru hwemhuka hunogona kutariswa pachishandiswa nzira dzakasiyana, dzinonyanyozivikanwa huremu, kureba nekureba. Aya maitiro anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhuka iri kuongororwa.
Kuti tione uremu hwemhuka. chikero chinokodzera ukuru nemhando yemhuka inogona kushandiswa. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti mhuka iri munzvimbo yakagadzikana uye yakachengeteka ichiyerwa. Zvinokurudzirwa kutora zviyero zvakati uye kuverenga avhareji kuti uwane mhinduro dzakarurama.
Kureba nekureba kwemhuka kunogona kuyerwa nemudziyo wakakodzera wekuyeresa, senge tepi yekuyeresa. Kana huri hurefu, hunofanira kuyerwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro kwemhuka, kazhinji musoro kana mapepa. Nezvekureba, inogona kuyerwa kubva kumucheto wemusoro kusvika kumagumo emuswe kana kumagumo emuviri, zvichienderana nerudzi.
Kukosha kwekuyera nekupatsanura hukuru hwemhuka
Kuyera nekuisa hukuru hwemhuka ibasa rakakosha pakunzwisisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zviri paNyika. Pamusoro pekuve chinhu chakakosha chebiology uye zoology, ruzivo urwu rwakakoshawo pakudzidza kudyidzana pakati pezvipenyu, kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana, uye kuongorora huwandu hwevanhu. Pazasi pane dzimwe nzira uye maturusi ekuita basa iri nemazvo uye nemazvo.
Imwe yenzira dzakajairika dzekuyera kukura kwemhuka ndeye kureba kwemuviri. Kuti uwane chiyero ichi, mamwe matanho anofanirwa kuteverwa: 1) isa mhuka panzvimbo yakati sandara uye kuitambanudza munzvimbo yayo yechisikigo, 2) shandisa tepi chiyero chinochinjika kuyera kubva pamhino kana kumagumo emusoro kusvika pazasi pemuswe kana kumagumo emuviri, 3) rekodha kuyerwa muchikamu chakakodzera chehurefu, senge masendimita kana mamita. Zvakakosha kutora zviyero zvakati uye kuverenga avhareji kuti uwane mhinduro dzakanyanyisa.
Nezvekurongwa kwehukuru hwemhuka, maitiro akasiyana anoshandiswa maererano neboka retaxonomic uye chinangwa chekudzidza. Zvimwe zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo zvinosanganisira: 1) uremu hwemuviri, 2) mapapiro kana maoko nemakumbo, 3) kureba pakusvava, 4) saizi yedehenya, etc Zvikero zvemagiredhi zvinowanzo shandiswa, zvichibvumira mhuka kuti dzigoverwe kumapoka chaiwo zvichienderana nehukuru hwadzo. Aya mapoka anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemhando inobatanidzwa, saka zvinodikanwa kubvunza akavimbika uye nyanzvi sosi.
Mhuka huru pasi rose: blue whale
Blue whale, nesainzi inozivikanwa seBalaenoptera musculus, ndiyo mhuka hombe pasi rose. Zvisikwa zvikuru izvi zvinogona kureba kusvika pamamita makumi matatu uye huremu hwakapoteredza 30 matani. Ukuru hwayo hunokatyamadza, hunopfuura chimwe chinhu chipi nechipi chipenyu, kunyange madinosaur.
Miviri yavo inochinjirwa kuhupenyu hwemumvura uye chimiro chavo chemhepo chinovabvumira kufamba zviri nyore mugungwa. Ganda ravo rinowanzoita bhuruu-grey nemavara akareruka pazasi pemuviri. Ivo zvakare vane musoro muhombe uye muromo muhombe une 300 baleen ndiro, dzavanoshandisa kusefa yakawanda yemvura uye kubata tupukanana tudiki sekrill, tsime ravo guru rekudya.
Blue whale imhuka inotama inokwanisa kufamba nzendo refu ichitsvaga chikafu. Dzinofamba zviuru zvemakiromita pakati penzvimbo dzadzo dzekudyisa mvura inotonhora nenzvimbo dzadzo dzokuberekera munzvimbo dzinopisa. Kunyange zvazvo dziri mhuka dziri dzoga, dzimwe nguva dzinoungana dziri mapoka maduku munguva yokuberekesa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuvhima kwakapfuura, nhamba yeblue whales yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya uye parizvino yakachengetedzwa nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana uye zvibvumirano zvepasi rose.
Hunhu hwenyama uye anatomy yeblue whales
Blue whale ndiyo hombe uye inorema kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose. Kukura kwayo kunogona kusvika mamita makumi matatu pakureba uye kurema kudarika matani zana nemakumi maviri. Ine cylindrical body yakareba ine musoro muhombe unosvika 30% yehurefu hwayo hwose. Mapectoral fins ayo akareba uye akamanikana, anosvika 5 metres kureba.
Nyeredzi dzeblue whale dzine ruvara kubva kubluish-grey kusvika kuslate-grey, kunyangwe dziine mavara akajeka pasi pemiviri yawo. Mhuka dzemumvura idzi dzine mafuta akawanda anonzi blubber anodzidzivirira kubva mumvura inotonhora uye anodzibatsira kuti dzirambe dzichiyangarara. Ganda ravo rinotsvedzerera uye rakatsetseka, kunze kwemakashama mashoma ari pamusoro pemisoro yavo nekumberi kwemiromo yavo.
Iyo anatomy yeblue whale inopa mamwe maitiro akasiyana. Somuenzaniso, musoro wayo une dandemutande dzinoibvumira kusefa mvura yakawanda kuti itore zvokudya zvayo zvikuru. Uyezve, huro dzavo dzine nhevedzano yemapeta emukati anonzi "throat grooves" iyo inogona kuwedzera kubvumira kudyiwa kwehuwandu hwemvura uye chikafu.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peiyi mhuka yakakura kwazvo munyika uye maitiro ayo.
