Chii chinonzi geological nguva uye inoyerwa sei?

Pane dzakawanda zviitiko iwe unogona kunge wakaverenga mune dzangu zvinyorwa zvirevo "Nguva yeGeological". Chiyero chatakashandiswa kushanda pachiri hachigone kushandiswa kutaura nezve geology uye shanduko yePasi kana yepasi. Ramba uchifunga kuti chiyero chevanhu icho isu chatinowanzoshanda chinenge makore zana pamunhu. Nekudaro, nguva haireve chinhu kune magero maitiro. Ndipo patinofanira kutaura nezve geologic nguva.

Kudzidza kwePasi kunofanirwa kuve nechikwiriso chakakura mukati mawo kunokwanisa kusanganisira maitiro ese e geological sezvaakaitika muchokwadi. Naizvozvo, nhasi tichataura nezve geological nguva. Iwe unoda kuziva here kuti mageologist ano tarisa uye zuva rei geological zviitiko pasi redu?

Tsanangudzo ye geological nguva

Kuti titsimbirire ruzivo rwese rwe geological isu tinoshandisa ino nguva yegeological. Kana isu tichitaura, semuenzaniso, nezve kuumbwa kwe sedimentary matombo, isu tinotaura nezve kuunganidzwa kwemidziyo nesimba rekumanikidza. Kudzidziswa uku hakuitike mumazuva, vhiki, kana mwedzi. Zvakawedzera, Izvo hazviitike mumakore zana. Maitiro ekuumbwa kwedombo sedimentary rakadai sedombo rejecha rinotora zviuru zvemakore. Vanhu havasi kana diki diki mune geological nhoroondo yePasi.

Kuti tizivise maitiro ese e geological pachiyero chatinogona kushanda pachiri, tinoshandisa Eons, geological Eras, nguva, uye epochs. Kusiyana nenguva yakajairika yatakajaira kushanda nayo, nguva ye geological haina nguva yakatarwa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kune nguva munhoroondo yePasi umo zviitiko zvakakosha zvakaitika. Zviitiko izvi zvakapfupikiswa mu kuvakwa kwemakomo, kukukurwa kwevhu, kutsakatika kwevanhu vakawanda, Etc.

Nezvese izvi hunhu uye nhungamiro, tinogona kutsanangura geological nguva senguva yenguva iyo inotangira kubva pakuumbwa uye kuvandudzwa kwePasi (anenge makore 4,5 bhiriyoni apfuura) kusvika parizvino. Muchidimbu, zvinoita sekunge yaive karenda repasi.

Kuyera uye zviitiko zvegeological

Iyi nguva chiyero chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya neve geologist nemamwe masayendisiti. Kutenda kwaari, Ivo vanogona kugovera nguva nemisi kuzviitiko zvakakosha kwazvo pasi pano. Mukati mematombo ndimo maunowana rumwe ruzivo nezve izvo zvaitika papasi redu mukati memakore aya mabhiriyoni mana nehafu.

Kusvikira muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX Nyika yaifungidzirwa kuva yaingova nezviuru zvishoma zvemakore ekuberekwa. Ruzivo rwechokwadi rwepasi pano rwakauya pamwe nekuwanikwa kwe radioactivity naMarie Curie muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Nekuda kweizvi zvave zvichikwanisika kufambidzana nematombo epasi kukoromoka uye nematombo ari kudonha.

Kana tichida kutaura nezve geological time, hatigone kushandisa zvikamu zvenguva semakumi emakore kana mazana emakore. Nzira inonyanya kubatsira ndeyekuparadzanisa nguva nezviitiko zvikuru zve geological. Muchidimbu, ndezvekuchinja kukuru kwakatambudzwa nematombo uye zvipenyu kubva pamavambo enyika yedu. Unogona kubvunza nguva dzose dze geological uye maitiro avo kuti unzwisise zviri nani kupatsanurwa kwenguva uku.

Kupatsanurwa kweGeological

Munguva ye geologic, iyo hombe nguva yenguva inoshandiswa ndiyo eon. Iyi eon yakakamurwa kuita mazera, nguva, nguva, uye nhanho. Nhoroondo yese yepasi yakakamurwa kuita maAeon maviri enguva. Yokutanga ndiyo Precambrian, apo Nyika yakaumbwa makore anenge mabhiriyoni 4,5 akapfuura. Yakaguma makore mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu apfuura. Isu tave muPhanerozoic Aeon. Aya maeon maviri akakurisa, saka tinoda mashoma timescales.

Tichafunda zvakadzama chikamu chimwe nechimwe chekuyera kweiyo geological nguva:

Eon

Ndicho chikuru pane zvese pachiyero chenguva. Iyo inoyerwa kune ese mabhiriyoni emakore. Shanduko kubva kuPrecambrian kuenda kuPhanerozoic yakaitika nekuda kwekuparara kweiyo supercontinent inonzi Pannotia. Phanerozoic zvinoreva "hupenyu hunooneka." Pakanga patove nehupenyu kusati kwatanga eon ino, asi pano ndipo pane mamwe maitiro ehupenyu akaoma uye akashanduka. Kuti uongorore zvakadzama muPhanerozoic Eon, unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve kukosha kwenguva ino.

Era

Iyo nguva haisi chaiyo unit. Iyo inoronga akakosha geological kana ehupenyu shanduko yakatambura nenyika kubva pakuumbwa kwayo Nguva imwe neimwe inotanga nechiitiko chakakosha. Semuenzaniso, iyo Mesozoic inotanga nekuonekwa kweyekutanga shiri uye zvipuka.

Makore enguva yegeologic ndeaya: Azoic, Archaic, Proterozoic, Paleozoic (hupenyu hwekare), Mesozoic (hupenyu hwepakati), uye Cenozoic (hupenyu hwazvino). Sezvo nguva dzakanyanya kukura munguva, kupatsanurwa kunoda kuderedzwa kuti ive yakarurama. Mupfungwa iyi, zvinonakidza kuziva nezvazvo kuumbwa kwematombo akasiyana kubva panguva ino.

Nguva

Izvi ndezvekugovaniswa kwenguva. Nguva yega yega inoratidza chiitiko che geological kana kutaridzika kwechipenyu chinoshanda sechiratidzo. Semuenzaniso, munguva yeCambrian iyo supercontinent inonzi Pangea yakaparara. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, shanduko dzakaitika munguva imwe neimwe dzakakosha pakunzwisisa kuti makungwa akaumbwa sei.

Nguva

Iyo epoch ndiko kupatsanurwa kwenguva. Mune yega yega epoch zviitiko zvejechi zvinonyorwa padiki padiki. Semuenzaniso, muPaleocene mune kupatsanurwa kweEurope neNorth America. Kunyangwe mumamepu mazhinji enguva ye geologic nguva yekupedzisira yakanyorwa iri Holocene, Nyika yakatopfuura. Isu ikozvino tave muAnthropocene. Ndiyo yekutanga nguva yakatsanangurwa nekuita kwemunhu.

Anthropocene

Hazvirambiki kuti munhu akave nemhedzisiro huru paPasi. Pamusoro pazvose, kubva pakuchinja kwemaindasitiri kusvika nhasi, shanduko yepasi yave yakazara. Zvisikwa zvipenyu zvisina kugadziriswa nemunhu hazvishayiki. Munhu anga achikwanisa kupinda nekugadzirisa matunhu munzvimbo dzese dzenyika.

Shanduko huru padanho repasirese senge shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inokonzerwa ne greenhouse gasi inobuda kubva kune edu zviitiko. Sezvakaita neozone layer, iyo yakaramba yakadzikama, isu takakwanisa kuidzikisa mumakumi emakore chete. Tiri kutaura nezve chiitiko chakakura chakaitika mumakore angangoita mazana matatu. Huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose mugore ra300 havana kusvika kune bhiriyoni imwe vagari. Zvisinei, nhasi, isu tinopfuura mabhiriyoni 7,5. Zvinotarisirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2050 tinenge tave kuita mabhiriyoni gumi.

Sezvauri kuona, zviyero zvegeological zvakakosha kwazvo kuti utore zvisaririra uye kuti unzwisise zvirinani kwatakabva nyika Uye iwe, iwe waiziva nezve nezve geological nguva?