Matanho enzira yesainzi

Nzira yesainzi ndiyo nzira yainotsvaka nayo kusimbisa hukama pakati pezvokwadi nemitemo yenyika inotsigira kushanda kwenyika. Iyi nzira inogona kuwedzeredzwa kune dzinenge dzese sainzi. Kune akasiyana nhanho dzenzira yesainzi izvo zvinogona kuwedzeredzwa kune dzakawanda sainzi.

Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti ndeapi nhanho huru dzesainzi nzira, ndeapi maitiro ayo uye ndeapi maficha akakosha kuverengerwa kuzviita nemazvo.

Ndeipi nzira yesainzi

Nzira yesainzi inzira yekutsvagisa iyo inoteedzana nhanho dzakarongedzerwa dzinoitwa kuita ongororo, kuwana ruzivo rutsva kana kuratidza chokwadi chechimwe chiitiko. Iyi nzira inogona kudzokororwa kakawanda kusimbisa huchokwadi hwemigumisiro.

Scientific methodology ndiyo chirango chinoongorora nzira dzakasiyana dzekutsvagira, senzira inonzwisisika-inobvisa, yekuongorora, yekuenzanisa kana yesainzi. Chinangwa chemethodiology sechirango ndechekuisa zviyero uye kuramba uchivandudza maitirwo esainzi.

Sainzi ibazi reruzivo rinomisa mhedziso, dzidziso kana mitemo yakavakirwa padonzvo uye data inogoneka inowanikwa kuburikidza nekutarisa, kuedza uye kushandisa pfungwa. Imwe neimwe nzira inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekutadza, dzakadai senhamba, deductive kana hunhu, zvichienderana nechinhu chadzidzwa. Iwe zvakare uchawana nzira dzakafanana mu geology kuburikidza ne nhoroondo geology uyo anoshandisawo kucherechedza kuti asimbise dzidziso dzake.

Matanho enzira yesainzi

Matanho enzira yesainzi ndiwo nhevedzano yezviitwa umo ongororo yesainzi inoitwa nenzira yakajairika. Vanomiririra gwara rekunzwisisa kuti nzira yekuwana ruzivo rwesainzi inoyerera sei. Matanho aya ndeaya:

• Kuongorora
• kuziva dambudziko
• Hypothesis
• Kufungidzira
• Kuongorora
• Kuongorora kwemhedzisiro
• Kukurukurirana kwezviwanikwa

Pakutanga kuona, nhanho dzenzira yesainzi dzinoonekwa senhevedzano yemisoro inofanirwa kutevedzwa mukutevedzana uye munzira imwe chete. Naizvozvo, hapana nzira yesainzi yepasirese iyo vaongorori vese vanonyatsotevedzera.

Heano matanho esainzi nzira.

Kuongorora

Kutarisa kuona kana kuona zvinhu zvechisikigo. Kunyangwe iri danho rekutanga resainzi nzira, inomhanya kuburikidza nemaitiro ese esainzi, kubva pakunzwisisa chiitiko chemusikirwo, kukumbira mhinduro, nekuona mhedzisiro yekuedza.

Chinhu chipi nechipi chinogona kufarirwa nemirangariro yatinofunga sekucherechedza. Mucherechedzi mukuru akanga ari Charles Darwin, baba verondedzero yezvakasikwa. Mukufamba kwake kwese, akatora zvinyorwa uye samples dzezvaakaona izvo zvakamutungamira nekufamba kwemakore kuti aumbe dzidziso dzake dzakakurumbira.

Kuona kunopfuura zvatinoona nemaziso edu. Makore mashoma apfuura, vanachiremba vaviri vakacherekedza mabhakitiriya akafanana neS mudumbu revarwere vane gastritis. Kuwanikwa uku kwakaitwa pachishandiswa maikorosikopu. Uku kushandiswa kwekutarisa kwakakoshawo mumunda we mamiriro ekunze, uko zviitiko zvemuchadenga zvinodzidzwa.

kuziva dambudziko

Kana chokwadi chasimbiswa, zvinodikanwa kuenzanisa uye kuziva dambudziko. Kungotarisa hakuna kukwana pasina kuda kuziva kugadzirisa zvingangomuka. Semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekucherechedza kwebhakitiriya mudumbu revarwere vane gastritis, mubvunzo unotevera wakamuka: Sei izvi zvisati zvamboonekwa? Mabhakitiriya aya ndiwo anokonzera zvirwere here? Mabhakitiriya aya chii? Iyi nhanho yakakosha, uye mune mamwe minda senge sainzi yedzidzo yevana, kucherechedzwa uye kuumbwa kwezvinetso kubva pakuona kwekutanga kunosimbiswawo.

Hypothesis

A hypothesis itsanangudzo inogoneka yekutarisa kana kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko.. Tinofanira kuedza kuratidza fungidziro, kureva kuti, kuratidza kuti ichokwadi kana kuti inhema. Nenzira iyi, tinogona kusiyanisa fungidziro kubva kune zvinotendwa. Kutaura kuti "gastritis manyepo" hakusi kufungidzira nekuti hapana nzira yekugadzira kuyedza kuongorora kana ichi chiri chokwadi.

Kana tikagadzira fungidziro, tinomanikidzwa kufunga nekugadzira tsananguro kana mhinduro. Zvinogona kuve nyore kana kuoma, zvinogona kuva fungidziro imwe kana akati wandei, chakakosha kuedza kutsanangura zvatinoona.

Kune vanachiremba vakawana mamwe mabhakitiriya mudumbu, fungidziro yake yaive yekuti mabhakitiriya aya aive akonzeresa kukuvara kwemudumbu. Mukuongorora nyeredzi, fungidziro dzakafanana dzinogadzirwa kana uchidzidza cosmic phenomena, sekutsanangurwa kwazvino mukati misiyano pakati pekuongorora nyeredzi nekuongorora nyeredzi.

Kufungidzira

Forecasts ifungidziro inotarisirwa mhedzisiro. Sekureva kwaMario Bunge, kufanotaura kufungidzira nezveimwe mhedzisiro:

• Fungidzira maonero matsva: Kana isu tichifanotaura chimwe chinhu nemazvo uye nemazvo, tinenge tichipa ruzivo rutsva rwunogona kusimbiswa.
• Test theory: tinogona kuenzanisa kufanotaura neruzivo rwekare.
• Igwara rekuita: Kufanotaura zviitiko kunobatsira kusarudza zviitiko zvekutsvaga
• Kufembera kwekufungidzira kunotitungamira kune kumwe kucherechedzwa uye kuedza.

Pakati pezvakacherechedzwa navanachiremba nezvebhakitiriya ravakawana mumasampuli egastritis, fungidziro yaive yekuti vanhu vane gastritis vaizopora nekukurumidza kana vakarapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvakakosha mukuita kwekurapa, uko iko kurongeka uye nzira yekuyedza chaiyo inodiwa, yakafanana neyakashandiswa mukati kuedza kwesayenzi.

Kuongorora

Chiyedzo chiyedzo kana chiyedzo chinodzorwa nemamiriro ezvinhu kuti zvionekwe chokwadi chefungidziro.

Kuenderera mberi negastritis semuenzaniso, kuedza kunotevera: boka revarwere vane gastric ulcer vakagamuchira kurapwa kwakajairika (boka rekutonga), uye rimwe boka rakagamuchira antibiotic kurapwa (boka rekuedza). Mushure meimwe nguva yenguva, chiremba akaongorora boka rimwe nerimwe revarwere uye akanyora data yekuedza.

Mukuedza uku, shanduko yakashandiswa yaive kurapwa. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvose zvinoramba zviripo. Muchiyedzo chesainzi, chinhu chinobatika, musanganiswa, kana mhando yebhayoloji inosarudzwa pakudzidza uye midziyo inoshandiswa kuyera mabhii. Pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekuedza, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kukwanisa kubereka migumisiro yekuedza. Sezvakaita mu geochronology, uko kuedza kunoitwa kuti tinzwisise nguva ye geological uye zvazvinoreva.

Kuongorora Kwezvakawanikwa

Iyo data yakawanikwa kuburikidza nekuedza inofanirwa kuongororwa maererano nekufungidzira kwakarongwa uye kufanotaura. Ongororo yemhedzisiro inotibvumira kubvuma uye kuramba fungidziro dzakarongwa, gadziridza mamodheru uye kurudzira maitiro matsva.

Kutenda kune basa reboka revanachiremba vanofarira zvikonzero zvegastritis, mabhakitiriya akakonzera dambudziko, Helicobacter pylori, akawanikwa. Kuongorora kwakafanana uku kunoitwa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzesainzi dzidziso, sezviri kuitika kuongorora asteroid, uko kutsvagisa kunobva pane yakaunganidzwa data uye kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro yakawanikwa.

Kukurukurirana kwezviwanikwa

Nhanho yakakosha munzira yesainzi ndeyekutaurirana mhedzisiro, nzira yekugovana uye kuzivisa pasirese zvatakawana uye kuti zvakawanikwa sei. Zvigumisiro zvinogona kuratidzwa nenzira dzakawanda:

• Kunyora: mapepa, zvinyorwa zvejenari resainzi, zvinyorwa mumapepanhau, mapepa anozivisa, makongiresi.
• Audiovisual: Pamakongiresi, symposia, uye makonferensi, vesainzi vane mukana wekupa basa ravo uye kuchinjana mazano nevamwe vaongorori.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvematanho enzira yesainzi uye maitiro ayo.