Kudzidza mamiriro ekunze kunosanganisira kuomarara kukuru uye nebasa rakakura. Naizvozvo, iyo Mubayiro wemamiriro ekunze weNobel mubairo 2021 kumasayendisiti matatu ane kudzidza mufizikiki uye mamiriro ekunze kwakatyora machati. Vakahwina Mubayiro weNobel ndiSyukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, naGiorgio Parisi. Aya masayendisiti matatu akakwanisa kutsanangura chimwe chezvinhu zvakaomarara kunzwisisa musainzi.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve 2021 Nobel Prize Yemamiriro ekunze uye kukosha kwayo.
Mubayiro weNobel weMamiriro ekunze 2021
Chiitiko chacho chakaoma kunzwisisa zvokuti chave chichinzi gadziriro dzemuviri dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Zita rayo chairo rinoratidza kuoma kwekunzwisisa kwaro. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kubva paatomu kuenda kune zvikero zvepuraneti, zvichikanganisa maitiro emaerekitironi nemamiriro ekunze epasi rese. Saka kukosha kwayo.
NeChipiri, iyo Swedish Academy yakamupa iye nerubatsiro rwake pakutsvagisa uye nezvaakaita pakudziya kwepasirese, uye akamupa mubairo wakakurumbira weNobel muFizikiki. Masayendisiti matatu, Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann naGiorgio Parisi, mapiyona ekutsvagisa masisitimu akaomarara uye dzimwe nyanzvi mukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, vakaziviswa sevakakunda iyo 2021 edition.
Munyori weSweden Academy yeSainzi, Göran Hansson, akaputsa nhau, achiona kuti mubairo wakapihwa vaongorori ava ndewemipiro yavo mitsva pakunzwisisa kwedu maitiro akaomarara epanyama. Mubairo uyu, pamwe nemubhadharo wezvekurapa, zvemakemikari uye zvinyorwa zvakaziviswa svondo rino, zvichapihwa pamhemberero yemubairo muStockholm muna Zvita 8.
Sekureva kweSweden Academy, Giorgio Parisi ane makore makumi manomwe nematatu wekuItaly akahwina mubairo wakakosha wekutsvaga "mapatani akavanzika mune zvakaomarara uye zvakashata zvinhu." Kuwanikwa kwake ndechimwe chezvakakosha mipiro kune dzidziso yematanho akaomarara.
Syukuro Manabe anobva kuJapan naKlaus Hasselmann anobva kuGerman vakahwina mibairo yezvipo zvavo "zvakakosha" mukuenzanisira kwemamiriro ekunze. Manabe, makumi mapfumbamwe, inoratidza kukura kuri kuita kabhoni dhayokisaidhi mumhepo inoita kuti tembiricha yepasi ive nesimba. Iri basa rakaisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze dzazvino. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Klaus Hasselmann, 89, akatanga kugadzirwa kwemuenzaniso unobatanidza meteorology uye mamiriro ekunze.
Maitiro akaomarara
Maitiro akaomarara pane atomiki uye mapuraneti anogona kugoverana mamwe maitiro, senge nyonganiso uye kusagadzikana, uye hunhu hunoratidzika kunge hunodzorwa netsaona.
Parisi akaita mupiro wake wekutanga kutsvagiridzo yake yefizikisi nekuongorora alloy yesimbi inonzi girazi. kutenderera, umo maatomu esimbi anosanganiswa zvisina tsarukano mugridi yemaatomu emhangura. Kunyange zvazvo kuine maatomu esironi mashoma, anochinja magineti echinhu chacho nenzira dzinonakidza uye dzinovhiringidza.
Parisi, makumi manomwe neshanu, akawana kuti mitemo yakavanzika inokanganisa maitiro anoita seasina kurongeka emidziyo yakasimba uye akawana nzira yekuatsanangura nemasvomhu. Basa rake rinoshanda kwete kufizikisi chete, asiwo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai semasvomhu, biology, neuroscience, uye kudzidza muchina (artificial intelligence). Uyezve, kudzidza kwezvinhu izvi kwakakosha kuti unzwisise zviitiko zvine chekuita ne kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Dare rakataura kuti zvakawanikwa nasayendisiti "Ita kuti zvikwanisike kuti vanhu vanzwisise uye vatsanangure zvakawanda zvakasiyana uye sezviri pachena zvinhu zvisina kujairika uye zviitiko". The Swedish Academy ikozvino inoona girazi rinotenderera semufananidzo wemaitiro akaoma emamiriro ekunze ePasi uye tsvakurudzo yakaitwa naManabe naHasselmann makore akazotevera. Uye zvakaoma kufanotaura maitiro enguva refu ehurongwa hwemuviri hwakaoma, hwakadai semamiriro ekunze epasi redu.
Manabe, uyo aishanda kuPrinceton University kuUnited States, akatungamira kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze muma1960, zvichitungamira mukufunga kuti mweya we carbon dioxide uri kupisa pasi. Nekuda kwemabatiro ayo akashata, mamiriro ekunze epasi redu anoonekwa seyakaomesesa maitiro epanyama. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Hasselmann akashandisa tsvakiridzo yake kupindura mubvunzo wekuti nei mhando dzemamiriro ekunze dzichigona kuvimbika, kunyangwe mamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja uye kusagadzikana.
Aya mamodheru emakombuta, anogona kufanotaura kuti Nyika ichapindura sei pakuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse, yakakosha pakunzwisisa kwedu kudziya kwepasi. Kuti uongorore zvakadzama munyaya iyi, unogona kuverenga nezvazvo geoengineering kuti itonhodze pasi.
Sekutsanangura kwakaita Yale University Muzvinafundo John Wettlaufer, chiremba wefizikisi wemuItaly ari 'kuvaka kubva mukusagadzikana uye nekuchinja-chinja kwemaitiro akaomarara padanho diki', uye basa raSyukuro Manabe rinonongedzera ku 'kuwana zvikamu zveimwe nzira«. Uye kuvabatanidza kuti vafanotaura maitiro egadziriro yemuviri yakaoma. " "Kunyangwe vachigovera mibairo pakati pechikamu chemamiriro ekunze nechikamu chechirwere, ivo vane hukama," akatsanangura.
Kukosha kwe2021 Nobel Climate Prize
Imwe yemhedzisiro inotungamirwa nesarudzo, kunyanya musarudzo dzeManabe naHasselmann, ndeyekukwevera pfungwa dzevanhu kumamiriro ekunze.
Maererano naWettlaufer, kuburikidza nemubairo, Komiti yeNobel yakaronga "huviri pakati pekudzidza kwemamiriro ekunze ePasi (kubva pamamirimita kusvika pakukura kwePasi) uye basa raGiorgio Parisi." Dr. Martin Juckes, mukuru wezvekuongorora nezvemamiriro ekunze uye mutevedzeri wemukuru weUK’s Center for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA), vakati kuona masayendisiti achihwina Mubairo weNobel wePhysics nebasa rawo panyaya yemamiriro ekunze “nhau dzinogamuchirwa.”
"Kuomarara kwemaitiro emamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekutyisidzira kwedambudziko remamiriro ekunze, kuri kuenderera mberi kupokana nemasayendisiti emamiriro ekunze nhasi," iye akati.
Sezvauri kuona, dambudziko remamiriro ekunze ratiri kutarisana naro muzana rino rinopa dambudziko kuti masayendisiti awane mhinduro dzinogoneka. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunotyisidzira kusandura nyika sezvatinoiziva, uye hurongwa hwedu hwakawanda hwehupfumi hunoda kugadzikana kwatinako mumamiriro ekunze.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kukosha kweNobel Prize yeMamiriro ekunze 2021 uye ndeapi maitiro ayo.