Iyo ozone layer, iyo inotidzivirira kubva kune ultraviolet radiation, inoramba ichiderera. Kunyangwe gomba riri pamusoro peAntarctica riri kuvhara, zvakapesana zviri kuitika munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda pasirese: ozone concentrations iri kudzikira zvakanyanya. Chiitiko ichi chine hukama ne greenhouse effect uye kusvibiswa, chikamu chakakosha mu kupera kwe ozone layer munzvimbo dzine vanhu.
Ozone igasi rine simba zvikuru iro, kana richidarika, rinogona kukonzera kufa nguva isati yakwana muhuwandu hwevanhu, asi munzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro dzemuchadenga, pachinhambwe chemakiromita gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi mashanu, ndiyo nhovo yakanakisa yekudzivirira yatingapihwa nePasi. Ikoko, ozone mamorekuru, akaumbwa nemaatomu matatu eokisijeni. musungo unosvika 99% yemwaranzi yeultraviolet uye ingangoita ese infrared radiation. Pasina iyi layer, hupenyu hwePasi hunenge husingagoneki, sezvo mwaranzi yeultraviolet yaizopisa ganda nezvirimwa.
Kubva 1985, gore iro gomba riri muchikamu ichi pamusoro peAntarctica rakawanikwa, Vatungamiriri venyika vose vakabvuma kurambidza ma<em>chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). Izvi zvinosanganiswa, zviripo muaerosols, refrigerants uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa, zvinokonzeresa kupera kwe ozone layer. Kunyangwe matanho akatorwa akadzikisa zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwayo, Kudzorerwa kwe ozone layer hakuna kukurumidza sezvaitarisirwa, izvo zvaita kuti kuwedzere kunetseka pamusoro pe.
Maererano nekudzidza kwakabudiswa mumagazini yacho Atmospheric Chemistry uye Fizikisi, iyo yakavakirwa pazviyero kubva kumasetellite, mabharumu emuchadenga uye mhando dzemakemikari-mamiriro ekunze, Iyo ozone concentration yepakati uye yakaderera layers ye stratosphere yadzikira neavhareji ye2.6 Dobson units.. Kuwana uku kuri kunetsa, nekuti munzvimbo yakaderera yemhepo, huwandu hwe ozone hwawedzera, izvo zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya, kubvira. Ozone munzvimbo iyi inova tsvina inokuvadza kune hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.
Icho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinogona kunge zvichipesvedzera kuenderera kuderera kweiyo ozone concentration. Zvikonzero zvemamiriro ezvinhu aya hazvisati zvanyatsojeka. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinokarakadza dzimwe tsananguro dzinobvira. Chimwe chacho kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uko kungave kuri kushandura kutenderera kwemhepo. Panyaya iyi, Mhepo yaibva kunzvimbo dzinopisa yaifamba nokukasika yakananga kumatanda, izvo zvingaguma nekugadzirwa kwakaderera kweozone. Izvi zvine chekuita nekuwedzera kwekusvibiswa uye greenhouse effect.
Kune rimwe divi, kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvenguva pfupi-pfupi (VSLS) zvine chlorine nebromine zvinogonawo kunge zvichikonzera dambudziko iri. Zvinhu izvi, izvo zvinoburitswa semhedzisiro yezviitwa zvevanhu zvakaita semabhanan'ana akanyanya, chikamu chezvakasikwa uye chikamu chekwakabva mumaindasitiri. Kunyange zvazvo asingaparadzi pane maCFC, hazvikuvadzi kune ozone layer.
Ozone, kunyangwe iri chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedza hupenyu paPasi, inove inosvibisa ine muchetura kana yawanikwa pakakwirira mutroposphere, iyo yakaderera yemhepo. Iyi tropospheric ozone inoumbwa nekudyidzana kwechiedza chezuva nezvinosvibisa zvakaita senitrogen oxides uye inoputika organic compounds. Mupfungwa iyi, pane gangaidzo: Kunyange zvazvo ozone mu stratosphere inobatsira, mu troposphere inova tsvina inogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu., zvichikonzera matambudziko ekufema, kushatirwa kwemaziso neganda, uye zvichikonzera zvirwere zvakaita seasthma.
Nei kuchengetedza ozone layer kwakakosha? Ozone layer inoshanda sechidziviriro, ichitora yakawanda yemwaranzi yeultraviolet yezuva. Pasina dziviriro iyi, Migumisiro inokuvadza pautano hwevanhu yaizova inoparadza. Kuwedzera kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi yeultraviolet kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwegomarara reganda, cataracts, uye mamwe matambudziko ehutano. Uyezve, Ultraviolet radiation inokanganisawo kurima, kuderedza goho uye kuchinja zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Iyo Montreal Protocol yave iri muenzaniso unobudirira webatira pamwe yenyika yose kugadzirisa chinetso chemhoteredzo. Yakasainwa muna 1987, chinangwa chayo chikuru chaive chekubvisa zvishoma nezvishoma maCFC nemamwe makemikari anopedza ozone. Nekuda kwechibvumirano ichi, Ozone concentration yatanga kupora munzvimbo dzakakwirira dze stratosphere, kunyanya munzvimbo dze polar. Zvisinei, Kupera kweozone munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose kuchiri kunetsa.
Izvo zvakakosha, sezvo zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti, kunyangwe kuderedzwa kweCFC mumhepo, Total column ozone yakaramba iripo munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika. Izvi zvinoratidza kudzikira kwemazinga eozone mune yakaderera stratosphere, nepo kuwedzera kweiyo ozone concentration kunoonekwa mutroposphere. Tropospheric ozone, iyo inowanikwa padyo nePasi, inoisa njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu ari kunyanya kutyisa munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda. Munzvimbo idzi, umo zviitiko zvemaindasitiri nemotokari zvakanangana, Utsi hunosvibisa hunobatsira pakuwedzera mukuumbwa kwetropospheric ozone. Izvi, zvakare, zvinogona kuvhara kuderera kwe stratospheric ozone, zvichiita kuti dambudziko rinofungidzirwa rinyanye kuoma kugadzirisa.
Mukuwedzera, masayendisiti akataura izvozvo Kudzorerwa kwe ozone layer kunogona kutora makumi emakore. Nepo mazinga eozone ari kumusoro kwestratosphere achitarisirwa kujairana pakati pezana rino ramakore, fungidziro dzeiyo yakaderera stratosphere haina tarisiro. Imwe tsvagiridzo ichiri kudikanwa kuti unzwisise zvizere masimba ari kutamba uye kuti ane hukama sei nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye zviitiko zvevanhu.
Kukosha kwekuchengetedza kuongororwa kweiyo ozone layer kwakakosha, uye Iko kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro kuchave kwakakosha kutarisa shanduko dzavo. Masatelliti, akadai seaya anobva kuNASA nemamwe masangano epasi rose, anoenderera mberi achiita basa rakakosha mukutarisa mamiriro ekunze uye kuona zvinogona kuitika mune ramangwana.
Sezvo nyika yakatarisana nematambudziko ane chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusvibiswa, Zvakakosha kuramba wakazvipira kuchengetedza ozone layer. Kudyidzana kwenyika dzese, kutevedzera zvibvumirano zviripo, uye tsvakiridzo yesainzi inoenderera mberi kwakakosha pakuchengetedza nharaunda ine hutano uye inochengetedza zvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Mamiriro eozone layer chiyeuchidzo chekusasimba kwenzvimbo yedu uye basa ratinaro rekuchengetedza. Sarudzo dzatinoita nhasi hadzingopesvedzeri hupenyu hwedu chete, asiwo hutano hwepasi redu.
