El ozone (O3) imorekuru rakagadzirwa nemaatomu matatu eokisijeni. Iyo inoumbwa apo mamorekuru eokisijeni anonakidzwa zvakakwana kuti aputsike kuita maviri akasiyana esimba mazinga eatomu yeokisijeni, uye kudhumhana pakati peatomu akasiyana ndiko kunokonzera ozone. Iyo allotrope yeokisijeni, ndiko kuti, mhedzisiro yekugadziriswazve kwemaatomu eokisijeni kana mamorekuru aburitswa. Nokudaro, ndiyo inonyanya kushanda yeokisijeni.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva nezve ozone, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwehupenyu.
Chii chinonzi ozone
Ozone musanganiswa wegasi une ruvara rweblue. In liquid state, Iine indigo yebhuruu pakudziya kuri pasi -115ºC. Mukukosha kwayo, ozone ine oxidizing zvakanyanya, saka ine basa rekuuraya hutachiona, kuchenesa uye kubvisa pathogenic microorganisms, senge mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, fungi, molds, spores, nezvimwe.
Ozone inogona kubvisa kunhuwa kwakashata nekurwisa zvakananga chinokonzera kunhuhwirira kwakashata (chinhu chinonhuwa) uye haiwedzeri chero humwe hwema semhepo inofefetera kuedza kuivhara. Kusiyana nemamwe mishonga inouraya utachiona, ozone igasi risina kugadzikana rinokurumidza kuora richiita okisijeni pasi pekuita kwechiedza, kupisa, electrostatic shocks, nezvimwe.., saka hazvizosiyi masara emakemikari.
Ozonation chero kurapwa kunoshandisa ozone. Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwekurapa uku ndiko kusabvisa hutachiona kwezvakatipoteredza uye deodorization uye kurapwa kwemvura uye kucheneswa, kunyanya mumamiriro ekuvandudza kunaka kwemvura, iyo yakakosha kune kukosha kwe ozone. Izvi zvinobvisa pathogenic microorganisms uye kunhuhwirira, izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza nzvimbo dzine hutano.
Ozone inogona kugadzirwa neozone generator kana ozone jenareta. Midziyo iyi inokwevera okisijeni mumhepo uye inogadzira kubuda kwemagetsi pama electrode (anonzi "corona effect"). Dhaunirodha iyi inoparadzanisa maatomu maviri anoumba zvidimbu zveokisijeni, iyo inozobatanidza matatu kana matatu emaatomu aya kuita morekuru idzva rinonzi ozone (O3).
Naizvozvo, ozone inomiririra iyo inonyanya kushanda fomu yeokisijeni, inoumbwa nemaatomu matatu eokisijeni, anogona kurwisa pathogenic uye / kana inokuvadza organic komisheni (chikamu chikuru chekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza).
Use
Inogona kunge iri iyo inonyanya kukosha hunhu hwe ozone uye ine mamwe maapplication. Microorganisms chero mhando yehupenyu iyo ziso remunhu harigoni kuona uye rinoda maikorosikopu kuti rizvione. Zvipembenene zvinonzi pathogens ndezviya zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvinotapukira. Vanowanzogara pamhando dzese dzepasi, marudzi ese emvura, kana kuyerera mumhepo, achiperekedzwa nediki guruva, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakavharwa umo mweya unovandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nekuda kweiyo oxidizing zvimiro, ozone inoonekwa seimwe yeinokurumidza-kuita uye inoshanda kwazvo microbicides inozivikanwa, inokwanisa kuita pane huwandu hukuru hwehutachiona, hwakadai sebhakitiriya, mavhairasi, fungi, uye spores. Zvose izvi zvinokonzera matambudziko ehutano hwevanhu uye kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi, chimwe chinhu chave chiri nyaya yekudzidza mune zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekushanda kwavo.
Ozone inomisa hutachiona uhu nekuita ne intracellular enzymes, nucleic acid zvinhu uye masero hamvuropu, spores uye viral capsids. Saka, Nekuda kwekuparadzwa kweiyo genetic zvinhu, hutachiona hahugone kuchinjika uye kukudziridza kuramba kurapwa uku. Basa re ozone ndere oxidize zvimedu zviri musero membrane kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hazvidzoke.
Ozone kurapwa haina kunhuhwirira, saka haingobvisi utachiona uye kubvisa chero hwema, asiwo haikonzerese hwema hwakananga pakupera kwekushandiswa kwayo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ozone haibudisi chero yakasara, sezvo iri chidimbu chisina kugadzikana uye chinowanzodzokera kune chimiro chayo chepakutanga, oksijeni (O2), nokudaro kuremekedza zvakatipoteredza uye zvigadzirwa, uye kuvimbisa kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu. Mukuwedzera, kurapwa kwe ozone kwakabatana nemaitiro epamusoro mu kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye nekuona nzvimbo dzine hutano.
Rimwe basa re ozone nderekuti rinogona kubvisa chero rudzi rwekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi pasina kusiya zvakasara. Mhando iyi yekurapa inobatsira zvikuru munzvimbo dzakavharwa apo mhepo haigoni kugara ichivandudzwa. Mune rudzi urwu rwenzvimbo, kana nhamba huru yevanhu ichipinda, kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi (fodya, zvokudya, humidity, sweat, nezvimwewo) ichabudiswa nekuda kwemigumisiro yemamolekemu akamiswa uye ma microorganisms akasiyana mairi.
Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvekurwiswa kweozone: kune rumwe rutivi, iyo oxidizes organic matter, kunze kwekuirwisa kuburikidza ne ozone, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inorwisa ma microorganisms anodya pairi. Ozone inogona kurwisa kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana. Zvose zvinoenderana nemhando yechinhu chinokonzera kunhuwa. Zvichienderana nechinhu ichi, unogona kuona kusagadzikana kwako kune ozone uye dosi inodiwa kuti de-ozone.
Ozone rukoko
Ozone inodzivirira hupenyu huri pamusoro pePasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nebasa rayo sesefa inodzivirira kubva mumwaranzi yeSun ultraviolet. Ozone inonyanya kuita basa rekutora maranzi eZuva ari muwavelength range iri pakati pe280 ne320 nm.
Kana ultraviolet mwaranzi kubva kuZuva ichirova ozone, iyo molecule inoputsika kuita atomu okisijeni uye yakajairika oxygen. Kana okisijeni yakajairika uye yeatomu yasangana zvakare mu stratosphere, vanobatana zvakare kugadzira ozone molecule. Aya maitiro anogara ari mu stratosphere, ozone uye oksijeni zvinogara panguva imwe chete, nepo ozone ichiita basa rakakosha mumhepo. hutano hwezvakatipoteredza.
Ozone inogadzirwa zvakanyanya apo mamorekuru eokisijeni anogamuchira huwandu hukuru hwesimba. Kana izvi zvikaitika, mamorekuru aya anoshanduka kuita atomic oxygen radicals. Gasi iri harina kugadzikana zvakanyanya, saka parinosangana nerimwe molecule reokisijeni rinowanzosangana, richabatana kuita ozone. Kuita uku kunoitika mumasekonzi maviri ega ega kana kudarika.
Mune ino kesi, iyo sosi sosi yeyakajairwa okisijeni ndeye ultraviolet radiation kubva kuzuva. Ultraviolet radiation ndiyo inokonzeresa kuora kwemolekyumu okisijeni muatomu okisijeni. Kana maatomu nemamorekuru eoksijeni akasangana ndokugadzira ozone, inoparadzwa nemwaranzi ye ultraviolet pachayo.
Iyo ozone layer iri kuenderera kugadzira uye kuparadza ozone mamorekuru, mamorekuru okisijeni neatomu okisijeni. Nenzira iyi, chiyero chine simba chinogadzirwa umo ozone inoparadzwa uye kuumbwa. Aya ndiwo maitiro anoita ozone sefaira isingaregi iyi radiation inokuvadza kupfuura pamusoro pePasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve ozone uye maitiro ayo.