Desertization muSpain: Zvinokonzera, Migumisiro uye Mhinduro

Magwenga? MuSpain? Hazvigoneki. Kana kuti zvimwe hongu? Chokwadi ndechekuti munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika, kunyanya muhafu yekumaodzanyemba nenharaunda yeMediterranean, kunaya kwemvura kuri kuwedzera kushomeka. Kunowedzerwa kune izvi ndiko kukanganisa kunoita mabasa evanhu pavhu. Uye chakaipisisa ndechokuti ikozvino chaicho chinotonyanya kujeka kutenda kune chidzidzo chakaburitswa mumagazini 'Sayenzi Yeiyo Yese Nzvimbo'. Yakaenda kubva pakuva komendi kuenda pakuva musoro wenyaya wakadzidzwa.

Uye zvinoita sekunge hatisi kuda kuona kukomba kwedambudziko. The gwenga muSpain Ichokwadi, zvekuti maererano neongororo iyi, 20% yenharaunda yatove gwenga.

Kuti tisvike pamhedziso iyi, maturusi maviri akashandiswa: mepu yemamiriro epasi uye seti yemamodheru ekuenzanisira kune yega yega nzvimbo yerenje. Nekuda kwekuongorora uku, masayendisiti kubva kuHigher Center for Scientific Research (CSIC) vakakwanisa kuona kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinopindira mukuita uku, zvichiwedzerwa ne kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, Kuva iye mamiriro ekunze iyo inonyanya kubata ndima.

Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yacho isingagone kuve yakajairwa, nekuti, sekureva kwaJaime Martín Valderrama, muongorori wepaExperimental Station yeArid Zones muAlmería, "dzimwe nyaya dzinoda kudzidzwa kuti dzivhare huwandu hwenyaya dzinopihwa nenharaunda yeSpain uye kubvumidza kuongororwa kudzokororwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana," chokwadi ndechekuti hazvizorwadza kutanga kuita izvozvi. Isa matanho ekudzivirira kurasikirwa neimwe ivhu.

Spain ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakasaina Chibvumirano cheUnited Nations to Combat Desertization, icho chakatanga kushanda pana December 26, 1996. Asi isu, pamusha, mumapindu edu, tinogonawo kuita chimwe chinhu, chakadai. usatambisa mvura uye ushandise zvakare pese pazvinogoneka, uye shandisa zvigadzirwa zve organic mavambo uye kwete akawanda kudaro zvicherwa (makemikari).

Usati waenda mune zvakadzama nezve zvikonzero nemhedzisiro yekuva gwenga, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti chiitiko ichi chii. The renje Ndiyo nzira iyo ivhu rakaorera munzvimbo dzakaoma, dzakaoma uye dzine hunyoro hunoshatiswa, dzichishanduka kuita nzvimbo yerenje. Kuita uku kunogona kuve mhedzisiro yekusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze uye zviitiko zvevanhu, uye idambudziko rinoitika mumakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica.

Zvikonzero Zvekuita Desertization muSpain

Zvinokonzera gwenga zvakawanda uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha ndezvi:

• Kutemwa kwemasango: Kubviswa kwekuvhara kwezvinomera kunogona kutungamirira kune kurasikirwa kwekubereka kwevhu.
• Zvekurima zvakanyanya Kunyanya kushandiswa kwevhu kune zvirimwa kunogona kukonzera kunyanya kushandiswa kwevhu uye zviwanikwa zvemvura.
• Kupfuya zvakanyanya: Kusatarisirwa zvakanaka kwezvipfuyo kunogona kupedza zviwanikwa zvemvura uye kukuvadza zvinomera zvakapoteredza.
• Shanduko Yemamiriro ekunze: kudziya kwepasi rose kuri kukonzera kuwedzera kwegwenga, kuwedzera kuwanda kwekusanaya kwemvura.
• Zviitwa zvevanhu: el kukura kwemaguta zvakanyanya uye kusiiwa kwemaitiro ekurima anoenderera mberi kwakawedzera kudzvanywa pazviwanikwa.

Zvese izvi zvinokonzeresa kupindirana kwakaoma kwezvinhu izvo, zvakasanganiswa, kukurumidzisa kuita gwenga munyika. Nharaunda dzinonyanya kukanganiswa dzinowanzova idzo dzinonyanya kurima nekupfuya zvipfuyo.

La njodzi mamiriro muSpain Inyaya inofanirwa kutariswa, inokurudzirwa nekutyisidzira kwegwenga kwatiri kusangana nako.

Chiitiko chekuva gwenga chine migumisiro inoparadza zvose zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvenzanga. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukosha ndezvi:

• Kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana: Kuva gwenga kunochinja magariro ezvipenyu, zvichiisa pangozi marudzi mazhinji emaruva nemhuka.
• Kushaikwa kwechikafu: Kushatisa ivhu kune zvakukanganisa kugadzirwa kwekurima.
• Kushaikwa kwemvura: Kuva gwenga kunoderedza matura emvura yakachena, yakakosha pakurarama kwevanhu.
• Population displacement: Vagari vakawanda venzvimbo dzine ngozi vanomanikidzwa kusiya misha yavo vachitsvaka mamiriro ari nani.
• Kuwedzera kwezvirwere: Kushatisa kwezvakatipoteredza kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvezoonotic uye mamwe matambudziko ehutano.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mahekita angangoita 2050 XNUMX XNUMX acharasika panosvika gore raXNUMX. Makiromita zviuru mazana mana nemazana mana yeminda yekurima pasi rose kana matanho akakodzera akasatorwa. Kugona kwevhu kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu nemhuka kunokanganiswa, zvichikanganisa budiriro inoenderera uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Kuva Renje muSoutheast Spain: Dambudziko Riri Kukura uye Magadzirirwo Anoshanda

Spain, iri panjodzi yekuva gwenga

Padanho reEurope, Spain ndiyo nyika iri panjodzi yekuva gwenga. With a 75% yenzvimbo panjodzi, uye kumativi a 6% yakatodzikisirwa zvisingaiteMamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa, kunyanya munharaunda dzinozvimiririra dziri pamhenderekedzo yeMediterranean, dzakadai seAndalusia neCanary Islands.

Maererano neState Meteorological Agency (Aemet), mumakore makumi mana apfuura, Spain yakasangana nezvikamu zve kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu uye kwakanyanya izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwengozi yekuva gwenga. Izvi zvikamu zvekusanaya kwemvura zvave zvichiwanzoitika uye zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoshandura kuita a kuderera kukuru kwekuwanikwa kwemvura munyika. Sekureva kweWorld Bank, muyero wekushushikana kwemvura muSpain wakamira pa43.25% muna 2020, zvichiratidza hukama huripo pakati pekutorwa kwemvura yakachena uye yakazara inowanikazve inongowanikwazve. Zvikamu izvi zvinoratidza mamiriro akaita zvinhu munyaya dzemvura munyika.

Matanho eKurwisa Kuva Desertification

Takatarisana nedambudziko iri, zvakakosha kutora matanho anoshanda ekudzivirira nekurwisa kushanduka kwegwenga. Mamwe eaya matanho, anokurudzirwa nemasangano akadai seMinistry for Ecological Transition uye Demographic Challenge (MITECO), anosanganisira:

• Kudzivirira uye kuderedza kuparara kwevhu: shandisa nzira dzekurima dzinochengetedza kunaka kwevhu.
• Kugadziridzwa kwenzvimbo dzakaparara: dzosa nzvimbo dzakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekudzoreredza ecological.
• Kudyara masango: Dyara miti yemuno inobatsira kudzorera zvinomera uye kuvandudza kuchengetedza kwemvura muvhu.
• Kunatsiridza kutungamirirwa kwemvura: Shandisai nzira dzemadiridziro dzakasimba, dzakaita semadiridziro ekudonha, uye kurudzira kuchekwa kwemvura inonaya kuti ishandiswezve.
• Dzidzo uye kuziva kwezvakatipoteredza: kukurudzira mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza nharaunda nezviwanikwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, kubatana pakati pehurumende, masangano asiri ehurumende, uye nharaunda kwakakosha kuita mapurojekiti anobatsira mukugarisa uye kudzoreredza kwezvakakanganiswa zvipenyu.

Padanho rega rega, mumwe nemumwe wedu anogona kubatsira mukurwisa kuparara kwegwenga munharaunda medu kuburikidza nezviito zvemazuva ese, zvakaita se:

• Kushandisa zvine mutsigo: sarudza zvigadzirwa zvemuno uye zvemwaka zvinoda zviwanikwa zvemvura zvishoma kuti zvigadzire.
• Deredza, shandisazve uye shandisazve: kuderedza kugadzirwa kwemarara uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinobatsira mukusvibisa.
• Dzidzo yezvakatipoteredza: zivisa nekusimudzira pakati pevamwe pamusoro pemabatiro anoita mabasa evanhu pane zvakatipoteredza.

Kuita gwenga muSpain chinhu chakaoma uye chinonetsa chinoda kutariswa nemunhu wese. Zviito zvatinotora nhasi zvakakosha kuti tive nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana apo zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinogona kunakidzwa nemhoteredzo ine hutano uye inobudirira.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti tiite zvine hungwaru uye kuita nhamburiko yakabatana kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yekusakura kwegwenga munyika yedu. Kusimudza ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu uye kushandisa mitemo inoshanda inogona uye inofanira kuva chikamu chekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, kuita kwese kudiki kwakakosha muhondo yekurwisa kuparara kwegwenga uye kuchengetedza ramangwana renzvimbo yedu yechisikigo.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Mhedzisiro yeKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze muSpain: Migumisiro uye Matanho eKuideredza