Sentinel-6 satellite

Satellite yepamusoro-soro pasi rose yakatangwa kubva kuVandenberg Air Force Base muCalifornia. Mhedzisiro yekudyidzana kwenhoroondo pakati peUnited States neEurope, iyo satellite Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich achavhura basa remakore mashanu nehafu rekuunganidza data rakarurama pamusoro pemazinga egungwa uye kuti makungwa edu ari kukwira sei nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Iyo mishoni ichaunganidzawo chaiyo tembiricha yemhepo uye humidity data, iyo inozobatsira kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze.

Muchikamu chino tichatsanangura zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve Sentinel-6 satellite, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.

Mhando huru

Satellite iyi yakatumidzwa zita raDr. Michael Freilich, aimbova mutungamiriri weNASA's Earth Sciences Division, mumiriri asinganeti wekufambira mberi mukuyera kwesatellite yegungwa. Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich inovaka pamusoro penhaka yeEuropean Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-3 mishoni uye nhaka yeTOPEX/Poseidon uye Jason-1, 2 uye 3 seti yekutarisa kweseti yegungwa. Yakatangwa muna 2016, Jason-3 inoenderera mberi nekupa nguva yakatarwa data kubva ku1992 TOPEX/Poseidon zvakaonekwa.

Kwemakore makumi matatu apfuura, data kubva kumasetelliti aya rave chiyero chakaomarara chekudzidza chiyero chegungwa kubva muchadenga. Sentinel-30 Hanzvadzi yaMichael Freilich, Sentinel-6B, yakarongerwa kutanga muna 2025 uye kuenderera mberi neanosvika makore mashanu. Kuti unzwisise kukosha kweiyo data, unogona kubvunza ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuyerwa kubva muchadenga.

"Iyi rekodhi inoenderera yekutarisa yakakosha pakuona kukwira kwegungwa uye kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinokonzeresa," akadaro Karen Saint-Germain, director weNASA's Earth Sciences Division. "Kuburikidza neSentinel-6 Michael Freilich, tinoona kuti zviyero izvi zvinofambira mberi muhuwandu uye nemazvo. Basa iri rinokudza musayendisiti ane mukurumbira uye mutungamiri uye richaenderera mberi nenhaka yaMike yekufambisira mberi tsvakiridzo yegungwa. "

Mabatsire Sei Sentinel-6

Saka Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich achabatsira sei kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwedu kwegungwa nemamiriro ekunze? Hezvino zvinhu zvishanu zvaunofanira kuziva:

Sentinel-6 ichapa ruzivo kune masayendisiti

Satellite ichapa ruzivo rwekubatsira masayendisiti kunzwisisa kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kuchinja sei mahombekombe ePasi uye kuti zviri kuitika nekukurumidza sei. Makungwa nemhepo yepanyika hazviparadzanisiki. Makungwa anotora chikamu chinodarika makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana chekupisa kwePasi kuburikidza nekuwedzera magasi egreenhouse, zvichiita kuti mvura yemugungwa iwande. Pari zvino, kuwedzera uku kunopa chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekukwira kwemvura yegungwa, nepo mvura inobva mumazaya echando ari kunyunguduka nemazaya echando ichitora mamwe ose.

Mwero wekukwira kwemakungwa wakawedzera mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, uye masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti uchawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore anotevera. Kukwira kwemvura yegungwa kuchachinja mahombekombe uye kuwedzera mafashama anofambiswa nedutu. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti kukwira kwemvura yegungwa kuchakanganisa sei vanhu, masayendisiti anoda marekodhi emamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu, uye Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich achabatsira kupa izvo zvinyorwa. Tsvagiridzo yapfuura pamusoro pekukwira kwegungwa kwakakodzera, sezvakaratidzwa nenyaya ye Larsen C ice sherufu muAntarctica.

"Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich chiitiko chakakosha pakuyera kwegungwa," akadaro Josh Willis, sainzi weprojekiti kuNASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory muSouthern California, iyo inotarisira mipiro yeNASA kumishoni. "Aka ndekekutanga takabudirira kugadzira masetellite akawanda kwemakore gumi akazara, tichiziva kuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukwira kwegungwa chinhu chisingaperi."

Ivo vachaona zvinhu izvo zvakapfuura gungwa misheni yaisagona

Kubva 2001, mukutarisa kwemazinga egungwa, iyo Jason yakatevedzana yemasatelliti yakakwanisa kutarisa mahombe emugungwa seGulf Stream uye mamiriro ekunze akaita seEl Niño neLa Niña anotenderera zviuru zvemamaira.

Zvisinei, chinyorwa chekuchinja kuduku muhuwandu hwegungwa pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa iyo zvinogona kukanganisa kufamba kwezvikepe uye hove dzekutengesa dzichiri kunze kwekugona kwavo.

Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich achaunganidza zviyero zvepamusoro. Pamusoro pezvo, ichasanganisira tekinoroji nyowani yeAdvanced Microwave Radiometer-C (AMR-C) chiridzwa, icho, pamwe chete nePoseidon IV mission's radar altimeter, ichabvumira vaongorori kuti vadzidze madiki, akaomarara emakungwa maficha, kunyanya pedyo nemahombekombe. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana tichifunga nezvekukanganisa kwepasi rose kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinogona kuongororwa kuburikidza nemienzaniso yakadai iyo Larsen C Ice Sherufu.

Sentinel-6 inovaka pamubatanidzwa wakabudirira pakati peUS neEurope

Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich ndiyo yekutanga yakabatana NASA neESA Earth sainzi setiraiti mishoni uye yekutanga kutora chikamu pasi rose muCopernicus, chirongwa cheEuropean Union's Earth observation. Kuenderera mberi netsika refu yekubatana pakati peNASA, iyo National Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), nevamwe vavo vekuEurope, kusanganisira ESA, European Organisation for the Development of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), uye French Space Research Center (CNES).

Kudyidzana kwenyika dzese kunopa dziva rakakura reruzivo rwesainzi uye zviwanikwa kupfuura zvinogona kupihwa mumwe nemumwe. Masayendisiti akaburitsa zviuru zvemapepa ezvidzidzo vachishandisa data regungwa rakaunganidzwa nenhevedzano yeUS neEuropean satellite mishoni kutanga nekuparurwa kweTOPEX/Poseidon muna 1992.

Ichavandudza kunzwisisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze

Nekuwedzera rekodhi yepasirese ye data yekushisa kwemuchadenga, mishoni ichabatsira masayendisiti kunatsiridza kunzwisisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ePasi. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze hakukanganisi makungwa chete uye pamusoro pePasi, asi inokanganisawo mhepo yemhepo pamatanho ese, kubva kutroposphere kusvika kune stratosphere. Zviridzwa zvesainzi zviri muSentinel-6 Michael Freilich anoshandisa nzira inonzi radio occultation kuyera chimiro chemhepo yePasi.

Global Navigation Satellite Radio Concealment System (GNSS-RO) chiridzwa chinoronda masaini eredhiyo kubva kune mamwe masatelliti ekufambisa anotenderera Pasi. Kubva pamaonero eSentinel-6 Michael Freilich, kana setiraiti ikawira pazasi pehusiku (kana kusimuka), chiratidzo cheredhiyo yayo inofamba nemumhepo. Mukuita kudaro, chiratidzo chinodzikira, frequency inoshanduka, uye nzira inotenderera. Masayendisiti anogona kushandisa chiitiko ichi, chinodaidzwa kuti refraction, kuyera shanduko diki mukuwanda, tembiricha, uye hunyoro hwemhepo.

Kana vaongorori vachiwedzera ruzivo urwu kune iripo data kubva kune zvakafanana zviridzwa zviri kushanda munzvimbo, vanozokwanisa kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti mamiriro ekunze ePasi anochinja sei nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pamhepo, chimwe chinhu chinogona kuvonekwa muzvidzidzo zvine chekuita nazvo Cape Horn uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

"Sezviyero zvenguva refu zvegungwa, tinoda zviyero zvenguva refu zvemhepo inoshanduka kuti tinzwisise zviri nani zvose zvinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze," akadaro Chi Ao, GNSS-RO chombo nyanzvi pa Air Propulsion Laboratory. Jet. "Radio occultation inzira chaiyo uye chaiyo."

Mafungiro ekunze akavandudzwa

Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich achabatsira kuvandudza mamiriro ekunze nekupa vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze ruzivo rwemuchadenga tembiricha nehunyoro.

Iyo satellite's radar altimeter inounganidza kuyerwa kwemamiriro epasi pegungwa, kusanganisira akakosha mafungu marefu, uye data kubva kuGNSS-RO zviridzwa zvinozadzisa kutarisisa kwemhepo. Iko kusanganiswa kwezviyero izvi kunopa vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze ruzivo rwakawanda kuti vagadzirise kufanotaura kwavo. Pamusoro pezvo, ruzivo rwekupisa kwemuchadenga uye hunyoro, pamwe nekupisa kwepasi pegungwa, kuchabatsira kukwirisa. kuumbwa kwedutu uye mienzaniso yekushanduka-shanduka.