Pakati pemhando dzesimba dzatinoziva mumunda wefizikisi, isu tine simba relativistic. Iri ndiro simba rinobva muhuwandu hwesimba rekinetic rechinhu chine simba racho pakuzorora. Rudzi urwu rwesimba rinozivikanwa sesimba remukati. Relativistic simba rakakosha zvikuru mufizikisi, kunyanya mukudzidza kwe supermassive black holes.
Naizvozvo, mune ino chinyorwa tichakuudza kuti ndeapi maitiro, kukosha uye zvimwe zvakawanda nezve relativistic simba.
Chii chinonzi relativistic energy
Simba rerelativistic rechikamu chinotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwekinetic yayo uye simba rekuzorora. Mufizikisi, relativistic simba ipfuma yeese sisitimu yemuviri (yakakura kana kwete). Kukosha kwayo kunowedzera kana imwe nzira ichiendesa simba kwairi, inoshanduka kuita zero kana iyo system yanyangarika kana kuparadzwa. Saka, kune yakapihwa inertial referensi system, kukosha kwayo kuchaenderana nemamiriro emuviri, uye inongoramba iripo kana yakataurwa system iri yoga.
Albert Einstein, aionekwa semukuru wefizikisi wenguva dzese, akatanga kutora fomula yake ine mukurumbira Energy=mc2, akange asina ruzivo rwekuti aizoshandisa sei dzidziso dzake dzehukama hwakakosha uye hwakazara kuronga mafambiro enhoroondo.
Pakuverengera kumhanya, nhambwe yafambwa inofanira kukamurwa nenguva inodiwa kufamba. Iyi fomula ine zvinhu zviviri zvinoda kuchinja: nzvimbo nenguva, nekuti kumhanya kwechiedza kunoramba kwakafanana.
Yeuka kuti simba ipfuma yezvinhu zvinovabvumira kuita basa. Mukuita kudaro, tinogona kuendesa simba kune chinhu, zvichiita kuti chifambe. Misa zvakare yakabatana zvakanyanya nekufamba. Asi zvine chekuitawo ne inertia, chimiro chekuramba kufamba, zvinhu zvinorema kwazvo, kana kufamba kwatisingagone kudzikisira kana kumira sezvavanokwira zvakanyanya.
Misa chiyereso che inertia inoratidzwa nechinhu.. Zvinhu zvine misa yakawanda zvakaoma kumhanyisa uye kubhureki. Simba uye misa muequation zvakaenzana. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzinoona huremu sechimiro chesimba uye havasi kuwedzeredza. Tinogona kushandura huwandu hukuru kuita simba uye zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, uremu hwemamwe maatomu hunogona kuchinjwa kuva simba kuti rishandise simba renyukireya, kana kuti kuchinjirwa kune mamwe mashandisirwo akafanana nehondo, zvichibudisa simba guru rinoparadza zvinhu zvose zvakaripoteredza.
Mhando huru
Relativistic energy inobatanidzwa nehukuru hwechinhu. Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yerelativity , huremu hwechinhu hunowedzerawo pahunosvika pakumhanya kwechiedza. Naizvozvo, kukwira kwesimba rerelativistic rechinhu, ndiko kukura kwacho. Hukama huri pakati pesimba nehuremu hwakakosha pakunzwisisa subatomic particle physics uye kugadzirwa kwesimba mukati menyeredzi nemareactor enyukireya, izvo zvakakosha pakunzwisisa kwedu kweastrophysical phenomena.
Relativistic simba zvakare ine yakasarudzika pfuma iyo haigone kuparadzwa kana kugadzirwa, asi inogona chete kushandurwa kubva kune imwe fomu kuenda kune imwe. Izvi zvinozivikanwa semusimboti wekuchengetedza simba. Mune chero maitiro emuviri, simba rose, iro inosanganisira zvose relativistic simba uye mamwe marudzi esimba, rinoramba riripo. Hunhu uhu hwakakosha kuti unzwisise mashandiro anoita nyukireya uye kuenzana kwesimba kuri muchadenga.
Uyezve, rudzi urwu rwesimba runoita basa rakakosha mukutsanangura zviitiko zvakaita semagetsi emagetsi nemwaranzi yemagetsi uye masaisai egiravhiti. Zviitiko izvi, izvo zvakakosha pakudzidza nezve astrophysics nemafambiro echadenga, masaisai esimba anopararira kuburikidza nenguva-yemuchadenga, uye maitiro avo nehunhu hwavo hunogona kutsanangurwa zvakanyanya pachishandiswa pfungwa dzesimba relativistic.
Mashandiro anoita simba relativistic
Misa nesimba zvine hukama hwepedyo, nehukama hwakaenzana hwakatsanangurwa neGerman physicist Albert Einstein mudzidziso yake yehukama hwakakosha. Nemamwe mashoko, huremu hushoma hunoenzana nehuwandu hwesimba. Relativistic simba hariperi kana zvinhu zvichifamba nekumhanya pedyo nekumhanya kwechiedza.
Nokudaro, inova yakakura zvikuru uye haigoni kukwidziridzwa nechero simba, saka kumhanya kwechiedza muganhu usingakundiki wemuviri. Kana tikarangarira kuti huremu hunotsanangurwa sehukama huri pakati pesimba nekukasira, tinonzwisisa kuti huremu chiyero chekuti chinhu chiri kuwedzera nekukurumidza sei.
Zvisinei, izvi Hazvifaniri kuita kuti tifunge kuti kana tikafamba pedyo nekumhanya kwechiedza, tichaona kuwedzera kwehuwandu. Hazvina kunaka kufunga kuti huwandu hwese hwemuviri hunoshandurwa kuita simba kana zvinopesana. Ndiko kuti, simba guru rinogona kuchinjwa kuva guru.
Zvichida nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanyori vakawanda nhasi vanoratidza kuti zviri nani kusashandisa zvipikisheni zvehukama, asi zvipikisheni zvesimba rose uye huwandu hunoramba huripo, kusimbisa kuti kukosha kwem0 kwakafanana mune imwe nzira, uye iyo yeE (simba) ichaenderana nehurongwa hwakasarudzwa.
Saizvozvowo, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti kumhanya uye simba magnitudes vector. Kana tikashandisa simba kuchinhu chinofamba nenzira imwe chete yekufamba pamwero uri pedyo nekumhanya kwechiedza, huremu hunenge huchienderana. Zvisinei, kana tikashandisa simba iroro perpendicular kune kufamba, iyo inonzi Lorentz factor ichava 1, sezvo velocity munzira iyoyo ichava zero. Zvadaro tichaona unhu hwakasiyana chaizvo.
Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti huwandu hunogona kuchinja, asi kwete chete zvichienderana nekumhanya, asiwo kune nzira iyo simba rinoshandiswa. Naizvozvo, kufunga uku kunobvisa zvachose kuti relativistic mass ipfungwa chaiyo yemuviri.
inochengetwa sei
Atomu imwe neimwe ibhora diki rizere nesimba, uye rinotokwanisa kushandura simba muchimiro chezvikamu zvechiedza (zvinonzi mafotoni) kuita matiri. Naizvozvo, inoshanda uye inoshandiswa zvakanaka, inopa mhinduro yakanaka kune zvinodiwa nesimba revanhu. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kudzidza kwesimba relativistic uye kuchengetedzwa kwayo kwakakosha pakuvandudza matekinoroji matsva.
Nekuchengetedza, kushandurwa kwesimba renyukireya kuita magetsi kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakaoma hwefission uye fusion. Nechikonzero ichi, Einstein anoonekwa sebaba vefizikisi yenyukireya.
Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu runokubatsira kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve relativistic simba uye maitiro ayo.