Imwe yemakemikari makemikari akagadzira kupokana kukuru mumakore apfuura ndeye sirivha iodide. Icho chinhu chisina kujairika icho chinoumbwa neatomu yesirivheri uye atomu yeodini. Iyo yakajeka-yeyero yeyero kristallini yakasimba iyo inowanzo kuita rima kana iratidzwa kune mwenje kwenguva yakareba. Iyo haina kusungunuka mumvura asi inogona kunyungudika pamberi peyakanyanya kuwanda kweiyodidhi ion.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza nezvese hunhu, zvivakwa uye mashandisiro esirivhidhi yesirivha.
Mhando huru
Tiri kutaura nezve chinhu chisina kujairika chine macrystalline mamiriro akafanana neaya echando. Kwemakore, ruzivo neichi chikamu chakakura uye chakapihwa mashandisiro mazhinji. Imwe yacho ndeyekushanda sembeu yekukwanisa kuburitsa mvura nekushandura mamiriro ekunze. Uku kushandiswa kwakabvunzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo zvinogona kukuvara iodide yesirivheri inogona kukonzera kana ichinge yanyungudutswa mumvura. Zvakare, hapana anozivikanwa kwenguva refu mhedzisiro inogona kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze enharaunda anogona kuva.
Kubva 19th century yakashandiswa mukutora mifananidzo nekuda kwekugona kwayo kusviba nechiedza. Inoshandiswawo mumishonga inorwisa utachiona. Pave nezvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura pamusoro pekushandiswa kweiodide yesirivheri mukubviswa kweiodine yeradioactive kubva mumarara anogadzirwa pamagetsi enyukireya. Iwe unogona kuwedzera pane iyi chinyorwa muchinyorwa mvura yekugadzira.
Icho chigadzirwa icho ine chepfu kuvanhu, mhuka nemiti. Naizvozvo, pane kukakavara kukuru pamusoro pekushandiswa kwesirivheri iodide pakugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze uye kunayisa mvura. Chimiro chemukomboni uyu chinoumbwa neiyo oxidation mamiriro esirivha uye ayodhini ine valence -1. Chisungo chiri pakati pemaion maviri chakasimba uye chakagadzikana. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei isinganyanyi kunyungudika mumvura. Chimiro checrystalline chinoenderana nekupisa kwatinozviwana tiri. Pazasi pe137 madhigirii pane cubic fomu, pakati pe137 ne145 madhigirii isu tine yakasimba ine yakasvibira-yellow ruvara kana mubeta fomu. Pakupedzisira, kana tembiricha yakawedzera kubva 145 madhigirii, sirivheri iodide ichaonekwa ine yero uye mune yayo alpha fomu.
Sirivha Iodide Properties
Isu tinoziva kuti mune yayo chaiyo yepanyama mamiriro iyo yakasimba ine yakajeka yero yeruvara iyo inogadzira hexagonal kana cubic makristasi. Kurema kwayo kwemamorekuru kuri 234.773 gramu kune rimwe mole uye nzvimbo yaro inonyungudika ndeye 558 degrees. Kuti Heliodorus ibike sirivheri inofanirwa kusvika pamatembiricha e1506 degrees.
Sezvatakambotaura kare, chinhu chisina kujairika chinogadziriswa mumvura. Iyo haina insoluble mune acids kunze kwehydroiodic acid uye inogadziriswa mune yakanyatsogadziriswa mhinduro senge alkali bromides uye alkali chlorides. Pakati payo makemikari zvivakwa isu tine maacid ayo akaomeswa sekureba sekunge ari akanyanya tembiricha uye anorwisa zvishoma nezvishoma. Mhinduro umo mune yakawandisa ayodini ayoni inonyungudika, ichiumba yakaoma ayodini nesirivha. Chimwe chezvivakwa icho chakamira kunze ndechekuti ine hanya nechiedza. Kana mwenje ukafumurwa kwenguva yakareba, unosviba zvishoma nezvishoma uye unoumba sirivha yesimbi.
Sirivha iodide inoshandisa
Ichi chikamu chinowanikwa mune zvakasikwa muchimiro chemaminerari iodargyrite. Kana ichinge yave murabhoritari, inogona kugadzirirwa nekupisa mhinduro yesirivheri nitrate ine alkaline iodide mhinduro senge potassium iodide. Nenzira iyi, iyo iodidi yesirivheri yakagadzirwa.
Kumwe kwekushandisa kunopokana kwesirivhodhi yesiridhi munhoroondo yese kugadzira mvura. ndinoziva Unogona kunyorera mumakore kuti uchinje huwandu kana mhando yemvura inonaya. Inogona kukonzeresa chimvuramabwe, kuparadzira chando mhute kana kushayisa simba madutu. Kuti uite izvi, inogona kupararira sekunge yaive mhodzi mukati megore rinotonhorera rine mvura yemvura yakanyanyisa. Eta zvinoreva kuti tembiricha iri pazasi pe 0 degrees. Nekuva nekristaro dhizaini yakafanana neiya yechando, inofarira kutonhodza kwemvura ine supoo.
Dambudziko rekushandisa sirivheri iodide kugadzira mvura ndiyo yakashata mhedzisiro. Uye pashure pokuparadzirwa sembeu iri mumakore, inoguma yapinda mumakore uye inokukurwa nokunaya. Kuvapo kwekuomarara kwesirivheri yakanyungudika mumvura inonaya chinhu chinofanirwa kuverengerwa sezvo chiri chinosvibisa uye chine chepfu kuzvirimwa, mhuka, nevanhu. Mhoteredzo yegungwa inokanganisawo mhuka dzose nezvinomera. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kukanganisa kwemaitiro aya, ona chinyorwa pa Anti-chimvuramabwe masisitimu uye maitiro avo pane manyoro.
Cloud seeding ndiko kuyedza kwakaitwa makumi mashoma apfuura. Kana makore akadyarwa zvichiteerana pamusoro penzvimbo imwechete, inogona kugadzira iyo inokwana sirivheri iodide mhedzisiro. Zvinoenderana neongororo dzinoverengeka dzichangoburwa, kuwanda kwesirodhodhi yesirivheri kunowanikwa munzvimbo dzakashandiswa nzira yekudyara gore iri yakakwira kwazvo kupfuura muganho kubva pane iyo ine chepfu kune dzimwe hove uye zvisikwa zvipasi.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iko chete kushandisa zvine musoro kwesirododhi iodide kungave kudzikamisa madutu, nekudaro ichideredza mhedzisiro yavo.
Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa
Sezvatakambotaura, nekuda kwekunzwa kwechiedza kwaishandiswa mukutora mifananidzo. Icho chinhu chinokwanisa kuita pamberi pechiedza. Izvi zvinoita kuti ishandiswe mukuwana mafotoensitive zvinhu zvakadai semapikicha emifananidzo makristasi akaiswa. Kutenda kune iodide yesirivha takakwanisa kutora mifananidzo kubva kune yekare kamera.
Kumwe kushandiswa kuri mukubviswa kweradioactive iodine. Sezvo iine insolubility yakakwira, yakanzi ibvise iyo radioactive iodine inowanikwa mune aqueous marara inogadzirwa mumagetsi enyukireya.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve sirivodhi iodide uye mashandisiro ayo.