Chimwe chezvikuru zvinokatyamadza zvevaongorori nemasainzi kuumbwa kweChisiko. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) yave ichivavarira kuwana chidimbu chitsva chinozivikanwa seaxion, icho chinogona, kekutanga, kupa ruzivo nezvezviitiko zvakaitika muUniverse sekondi imwe chete mushure meBig Bang.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve axion, chikamu chinogona kutsanangura Big Bang.
Axions uye zvinhu zvakasviba
Pakutanga yakakurudzirwa muma1970 nenyanzvi yefizikisi Roberto Peccei pamwe chete nemumwe wake Helen Quinn, iyo axion inhengo yepakutanga inomuka kubva kune yetioretical framework inotarisirwa kugadzirisa mubvunzo mukati me quantum chromodynamics (QCD), dzidziso inotsanangura kusangana pakati pe quarks nemagluons. . Mubvunzo uyu ndewe "dambudziko rekuchengetedza parity," izvo zvinoratidza kuti hunhu hunofanirwa kuramba husina kuchinjwa nekudyidzana kwenyukireya. Kuiswa kweaxion inoshanda senzira yekudzosera iyi symmetry.
Pakati pezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zveaxion ndiyo inogona kushanda sechikamu che zvinhu zvakasviba, izvo zvinomiririra inenge 27% yehuremu hwese hwechadenga. Chinhu chakasviba hachibudisi chiedza kana radioactivity, zvichiita kuti isaonekwe uye ionekwe chete kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwayo. Kana maaxion akaonekwa kuti ariko, anogona kuwanda pasirese, achipa chikonzero chechimiro chisinganzwisisike chechinhu chakasviba sechinhu chakareruka zvakanyanya uye chinonetsa kuona.
Iyo Big Bang uye axionic zvimedu
Kuputika kwekutanga kunozivikanwa seBig Bang, kwakatanga kuumbwa kwedenga, chiitiko chakaongororwa nemhando dzakawanda dzecosmological uye dzidziso. Zvinotendwa kuti pakarepo mushure meBig Bang, zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvikamu uye mwaranzi zvakabuda. Kana maaxion aripo, anogona kunge akagadzirwa nenhamba dzakakura panguva iyi yekutanga, achiita basa mukushanduka kwepasirese.
Tsvakurudzo yeAxion yakakosha kwete chete nokuda kwezvinhu zvakasviba, asiwo kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwedu chisiko chapose pose panguva dzazvo dzokuumba. Sezvo Big Bang yakagadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvimedu, kuvepo kweaxion kunogona kupa ruzivo pamusoro pesangano rezvakaitika kare rezvinhu uye simba.
Mashoko api atinawo pamusoro penhoroondo yeChisiko Chapose pose?
Nhasi, ongororo ye electromagnetic spectrum yeCosmic Microwave Background (CMB) yakabvumira vesainzi kuti vatarise kumashure angangoita bhiriyoni gumi nemana emakore kusvika panguva iyo Nyika yakatonhora zvakakwana kuti mapurotoni nemaerekitironi zvibatane kekutanga, chii zvakakonzera kuumbwa kwehydrogen isina kwayakarerekera.
Iwo mafotoni akaonekwa muCosmic Microwave Background (CMB) zvakacherechedzwa zvakaburitswa makore 400.000 mushure meBig Bang, zvichiita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kuziva nhoroondo yeChisiko nguva ino isati yasvika.
Nekudaro, vatatu vevaongorori vekuBritain vakaronga dzidziso inoratidza kuvepo kwechinhu chinozivikanwa seaxion, iyo Inogona kunge yakabudiswa mukati mesekondi yokutanga yenhoroondo yeChisiko Chapose pose. Kunyange zvazvo chikamu ichi chinoramba chiri chekufungidzira, kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekutenda kuti axion inogona kuvapo mukati meNyika.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi axion?
Axions ndiwo dzidziso dzakakosha zvidimbu izvo, kunyangwe zvichiri kufungidzira, zvinogona kugadzirisa mimwe mibvunzo yakaoma mukati memazuva ano dzidziso.
Kuvapo kweaxion kwaizobatsira kugadzirisa nyaya yeCP symmetry yakasimba, iyo ine chekuita nekuenzanisa pakati penyaya uye antimatter. Muchokwadi, inogona kupa tsananguro yechisikigo yekufananidzira kunoshamisa muzvinhu zvezvinhu uye antimatter, tichipa ruzivo pamusoro pekunyanya kukosha kwezvinhu pamusoro peantimatter muchadenga.
Axions inogona kupa ruzivo nezve isinganzwisisike "rima nyaya," iyo inoita 23% yeNyika. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti zvimedu izvi zvinomiririra mumwe wevanonyanya kuvimbisa vamiriri vekubatsira kuchinhu chisingaonekwe, kana chinhu chakasviba, chakabuda nguva pfupi yapfuura Big Bang.
The axion nebasa rayo mumamiriro ezvinhu erima
Tichifunga nezve mukana wekuti chinhu chakasviba chingave nemaakisi anogadzirwa muhuwandu mushure meBig Bang, vaongorori vari kushanda nesimba kuti vaone axionic rima nyaya nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Pepa rakaburitswa muPhysical Ongororo D rinoratidza kuti kufambiswa kwezviridzwa zvinonyanya kutariswa zvine chinangwa chekuona zvinhu zvakasviba zvinogona kutungamira mukuwanikwa kwechimwe chiratidzo cheaxion, inozivikanwa seCaB. Iri izwi rinoreva axion inofanana neCosmic Microwave Background (CMB) uye inodaidzwa kunzi Cosmic Axion Background. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekufanana kwezvivakwa pakati peCaB uye yakasviba nyaya axions, pane njodzi yekuti iyo CaB chiratidzo inogona kubviswa seruzha muzvirongwa zvekuedza.
Kune vesaenzi, kuzivikanwa kweCaB kunomiririra kuwanikwa kaviri. Kwete chete yaizosimbisa kuvepo kweiyo axion, asi yaizopa zvakare relic nyowani yepakutanga Universe kunharaunda yesainzi. Nzira iyo CaB yakagadzirwa nayo inogona kuratidza kusvika zvino zvisingazivikanwe maumbirwo uye kushanduka kweNyika.
Nzira dzekutsvaga axion
Iwo maedzo akaitwa neCERN aive akanangana nekuona axion. Kuedza kwakagadzirirwa kuona iyo axion particle kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwe resonant microwave cavities, iyo yakarongerwa huwandu hweaxion, inoiswa mukati mesimba remagineti. Iyi nzira parizvino inoshandiswa mukuyedza kweADMX paYunivhesiti yeWashington uye ine mukana wekuona axion, kana zvinhu zvakasviba zvikaitwa nemaakisi.
Imwe nzira yekuona maaxion inosanganisira kushandiswa kwehelioscopes, yakanyatsogadzirirwa kuona maaxion anogadzirwa mukati meZuva. Kunyange pasina humbowo hwemaaxion hwawanikwa kusvika parizvino, kuyedza kweCAST, uko kunosanganisira mipiro kubva kuvatsvaguri vepaYunivhesiti yeZaragoza, yakakunda zvimiro zvemuchadenga uye yakavhura dunhu risati ramboongororwa kuti riongororwe.
