Munhau yose, kwave kune vakadzi vesayenzi zviitiko zvinoshamisa izvo zvakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki panyika yesainzi. Pasinei nekutarisana nematambudziko akawanda uye kusarura kwemazuva avo, vakadzi vasingatyi ava vakatadza kutarisira uye vakagadzira nzvimbo itsva mundima dzavo.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuratidza kuti ndezvipi zvaive zvakaitwa nevakadzi vakanyanya kukosha vesainzi munhoroondo.
Vanonyanya Kukosha Vakadzi Vesainzi munhoroondo
Marie Curie
Marie Curie, pasina kupokana, ari pamusoro peiyi rondedzero. Akaberekwa muna 1867 muPoland. Curie aive piyona mumunda weradioactivity. Zvaakawana zvinokatyamadza pamusoro pezvinhu radium nepolonium hazvina kungomuwanira Mubairo weNobel muFizikisi, asi akazovawo munhu wekutanga kugamuchira mibairo yeNobel muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Kushanda kwake asinganeti kwakagadzirira nzira yefizikisi nekemesitiri zvazvino uno ndokuvaka hwaro hwomushonga wenyukireya. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwake, unogona kuverenga biography yaMarie Curie.
Rosalind franklin
Aive musayendisiti ane mukurumbira wekuBritain akabatsira zvakanyanya mukuwanikwa kwechimiro cheDNA. Achishandisa X-ray diffraction matekiniki, akatora mifananidzo yakakosha iyo akabvumira James Watson naFrancis Crick kuti vagadzire iyo double helix modhi yeDNA. Kunyange zvazvo basa rake pakutanga rakanga risingatarisirwi, mupiro wake unokosha kumamolecular genetics kubvira ipapo wakazivikanwa.
Kuna Lovelace
Akanga ari mwanasikana wemudetembi Lord Byron uye anoonekwa semugadziri wekutanga munhoroondo. Mumakore ekuma1840, achishanda naCharles Babbage neAnalytical Engine yake, Ada akagadzira seti yemirairo yemuchina, zvichiita kuti ave munhu wokutanga kufunga nezvepurogiramu yepakombiyuta. Chiono chake chekupayona chakagadzira nzira yekombuta yemazuva ano uye akaisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwenjere dzekugadzira.
Florence Nightingale
Muchikamu chemishonga, tinosimbisa Florence Nightingale, mukoti wekuBritain akachinja maitiro ehutano muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. nightingale akazvipira kuvandudza utsanana muzvipatara uye kugadza mitemo yehutsanana, iyo yakaponesa vanhu vasingaverengeki. Pamusoro pezvo, akaita mipiro yakakosha mumunda wenhamba uye epidemiology, achiisa hwaro hwekutarisira hutano hweveruzhinji.
Mamwe masayendisiti akakosha evakadzi
Kune mamwe masayendisiti mazhinji echikadzi ane mabasa anofanirwa kucherechedzwa. Munhau yose, vakadzi vakaita saEmmy Noether, nyanzvi yemasvomhu yokuGermany, vakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki pandima yemasvomhu nedzidziso dzefizikisi. Mafungiro ake munharaunda yeabstract algebra uye particle physics akaisa hwaro hwekufambira mberi kwakakosha mune quantum field theory.
Mundima yezvenyeredzi, Henrietta Swan Leavitt akaita mipiro yakakosha kumunda wenyeredzi dzakasiyana. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, akawana hukama pakati penguva uye kupenya kwenyeredzi dzeCepheid, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuyera madaro ari muchadenga nemazvo makuru. Basa ravo rakagadzirira Edwin Hubble nzira yekuziva kuwedzera kwechadenga.
Mumwe mukadzi ane mukurumbira ndiJane Goodall, nyanzvi yezvemhuka yekuBritain inozivikanwa nekudzidza kwenguva yakareba nezvechimpanzi muGombe Stream National Park yekuTanzania. Goodall akashandura manzwisisiro edu ezvikara, zvichiratidza kuti vanokwanisa kushandisa maturusi, kuva neunhu hwakasiyana, uye kugadzira zvisungo zvepfungwa zvakaomarara. Basa ravo rakabatsira zvakanyanya mukunzwisisa kwedu kushanduka kwevanhu uye kuchengetedza nyani.
Mundima yemakomputa, tinogona kutaura Grace Hopper, musayendisiti wekuAmerica wekombuta. Hopper aive mumwe wevakatanga kuronga Harvard Mark I, imwe yekutanga electromechanical komputa. Pamusoro pezvo, akapayona kuvandudzwa kwevagadziri, izvo zvinobvumira vanogadzira mapurogiramu kunyora kodhi yemutauro wepamusoro pane kodhi yemuchina. Basa rake rakaisa hwaro hwekufambira mberi mukugadzira uye komputa yemazuva ano.
Matambudziko evanhukadzi vesainzi
Masayendisiti echikadzi akatarisana nematambudziko akawanda kuti aonekere munharaunda inotongwa nerusarura rwevarume nemabasa echinyakare. Zvipingamupinyi izvi zvakaganhurira kuwana kwavo dzidzo, mikana yekutsvagisa, uye kucherechedzwa kwezvipo zvavo zvesainzi. Zvakadaro, vazhinji vevakadzi ava vakakunda matambudziko aya uye vakasiya chiratidzo chisingaperi mundima dzavo.
Kuwana dzidzo yesainzi kwakaganhurirwa kuvakadzi kwemazana emakore. Vakarambidzwa kuwana zvikoro zvedzidzo nemikana yekudzidza, vakaiswa kune mamwe mabasa echinyakare uye vachionekwa sevasingakwanisi kugadzirisa zvidzidzo zvesainzi. Vazhinji veaya masayendisiti echikadzi aifanira kurwisa zvakasimba kuti vawane dzidzo yepamutemo, vachitarisana nekushorwa uye rusarura kubva munzanga yose.
Uyezve, vakadzi pavakapinda mundima yesainzi, vakatarisana nekushaikwa kwekuzivikanwa nemikana yekutsvaga. Mipiro yavo yaigara ichidzikisirwa kana kunzi ndeyevarume vavaishanda navo, zvichivatadzisa kuwana rukudzo rwakavakodzera. Kunyangwe pavakakwanisa kuita tsvakiridzo yakakosha, zvavakawana zvaiwanzo furatirwa kana kushorwa nekuda kwemaonero akapararira ekuti vakadzi vaisakwanisa kupa rubatsiro rwesainzi rwakakodzera.
Kushaikwa kwerutsigiro nekuraira kwakaunzawo dambudziko rakakura. Masayendisiti echikadzi akanga asina mambure akasimba enyanzvi nemienzaniso, zvaitadzisa kufambira mberi kwavo mune zvesainzi. Kushaikwa kwemikana yemari uye kutora chikamu kushoma mumisangano yesainzi uye nzanga dzedzidzo zvakakanganisawo kufambira mberi kwavo kwehunyanzvi.
Uyezve, vakadzi masayendisiti kazhinji vakatarisana nokufungira mano akaipa uye zvimiro zvendangariro zvakadzika midzi munzanga. Vakabvunzwa pamusoro pekugona kwavo kudzikamisa basa ravo resainzi netarisiro yechinyakare yevakadzi, sekuchengeta mhuri. Idzi dzvinyiriro dzenzanga netsika dzakaita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kwavari kutora chikamu zvizere munhandare yesainzi uye kazhinji kazhinji kuvamanikidza kutongesa mitoro yakawanda.
Pasinei nematambudziko ese aya, vakadzi vesainzi vakashingirira uye vakakwanisa kubudirira mundima dzavo. Nhasi, basa riri kuitwa kutora matanho ekuderedza kusaenzana pakati pevarume nevakadzi kuitira kuti munhu wose ave nemikana yakafanana uye abudirire mundima yesainzi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pevakadzi vakanyanya kukosha masayendisiti munhoroondo uye nemabasa avo.
